【摘要】：本文運用文獻(xiàn)、實驗、錄像解析等方法,對上海游泳隊自由泳項目國家健將與一級水平運動員(各6名)進(jìn)行蹲踞式出發(fā)測試,從運動學(xué)與動力學(xué)角度對整個游泳出發(fā)技術(shù)的特征進(jìn)行揭示,對比分析找出的差異為日后教練員對運動員出發(fā)技術(shù)的改進(jìn)提供幫助,為訓(xùn)練確定目標(biāo)。并把所測隊員的15m出發(fā)成績與出發(fā)技術(shù)的相關(guān)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性探討,找出相關(guān)指標(biāo)使教練員指導(dǎo)出發(fā)技術(shù)訓(xùn)練更具有針對性,為上海游泳隊日后出發(fā)成績的提高提供一定的參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文獲得研究結(jié)果如下:1、上海游泳隊一級運動員的預(yù)備姿勢比健將運動員重心靠后,后膝關(guān)節(jié)角度較小,造成蹬離出發(fā)臺時轉(zhuǎn)動角度較大,不利于打破身體平衡,快速啟動,導(dǎo)致離臺時間與動作銜接的時間變慢,此外反應(yīng)時慢于健將運動員,且具有差異性。2、運動員在離臺階段包括三段發(fā)力,依次為反應(yīng)時-手離臺時刻、手離臺-后腿離臺時刻、后腿離臺-前腿離臺時刻,通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)上海游泳隊健將運動員在反應(yīng)時-手離臺時刻與手離臺-后腿離臺時刻的階段比一級運動員發(fā)力更充分,完成技術(shù)動作的速度及離臺速度較快,具有差異性。3、上海游泳隊一級與健將運動員的騰空姿勢和入水姿勢上差異不大,而入水時間與入水水平速度具有差異性。4、上海游泳隊健將運動員在水下滑行階段比一級運動員,游進(jìn)速度較快,游進(jìn)距離較長,打腿次數(shù)較多,具有差異性。5、上海游泳隊健將運動員與一級運動員相比出水距離較長,出水時間也較長,具有差異性。6、上海游泳隊運動員的離臺階段、入水階段、水下滑行階段、出水階段都在存在較高相關(guān)性指標(biāo),其中離臺與水下階段影響最大,并且離臺階段影響著入水,水下滑行階段影響著出水,因此上海游泳隊日后要多以這兩個階段為訓(xùn)練的重點。7、上海游泳隊運動員與世界優(yōu)秀游泳運動員在離臺時間、離臺水平速度與入水口直徑仍然有差距,需要進(jìn)一步提高,向世界水平靠攏。
[Abstract]:Using the methods of literature, experiment and video analysis, this paper makes a crouching test of the national athletes and first-level athletes (6 each) in the freestyle event of the Shanghai Swimming team. From the point of view of kinematics and dynamics, the characteristics of the whole swimming technique are revealed, and the differences are compared and analyzed to provide help for the coaches to improve the athletes' starting technique in the future, and to determine the target for the training. At the same time, the correlation between the team members' 15m starting performance and the related indexes of the starting technology is discussed, and the relevant indexes are found to make the coaches guide the starting technical training more pertinently. For Shanghai Swimming team in the future to improve the performance to provide a certain reference standard. The results obtained in this paper are as follows: 1. The preparatory posture of the first-class athletes of Shanghai Swimming team is lower than that of the healthy athletes, and the angle of the rear knee joint is smaller, which causes the rotation angle to be larger when the swimmers leave the departure platform, which is not conducive to breaking the balance of the body. In addition, the reaction time is slower than that of the good athletes, and there is a difference. 2, the athletes in the stage of departure include three stages of force, in turn, the reaction time-the moment of hand leaving the stage, in turn, is the reaction time-the moment of hand leaving the platform, in addition, the reaction time is slower than that of the athlete. Hands off the platform-hind legs away from the platform, hind legs from the platform-front legs away from the platform, through the analysis of the Shanghai Swimming team athletes in the reaction time-hand away from the platform with the hand away from the platform-the hind leg away from the stage of the stage is more full than the first-class athletes. The speed of completing the technical action and the speed of leaving the platform are different. 3, there is no significant difference between the first-class swimmers in Shanghai swimming team and the athletes in flying posture and entering position, but the time of entering water is different from the speed of entering water level. 4, the speed of entering water is different from that of athletes in the first-class swimming team in Shanghai. Shanghai swimming team athletes in the underwater glide stage than the first-class athletes, the speed of swimming faster, swimming in a longer distance, more times to hit the leg, there is a difference. 5, Compared with the first-class athletes, the athletes of Shanghai Swimming team have a longer distance and a longer time to get out of the water. 6, the stage of leaving the stage, the stage of entering the water and the stage of underwater gliding of the athletes of the swimming team of Shanghai. There is a high correlation index in the effluent stage, in which the departure stage and the underwater stage have the greatest influence, and the departure stage affects the inlet water, and the underwater sliding stage affects the effluent. Therefore, the Shanghai Swimming team should focus on these two stages of training in the future. 7. 7. In the time of departure from Taiwan, the horizontal speed of departure from Taiwan and the diameter of the inlet still have a gap between the athletes of the Shanghai swimming team and the world's outstanding swimmers, and there is still a need for further improvement. Close to the world level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G861.1

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