【摘要】：為了保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員,跆拳道在比賽中對(duì)技術(shù)的使用做了較多的限制,但這些規(guī)則限制也造成了跆拳道比賽觀賞性差、技術(shù)運(yùn)用少等問題。為了改善這些為題,近些年來跆拳道的比賽規(guī)則進(jìn)行了大量的修正和調(diào)整。跆拳道競賽規(guī)則的變化迫使運(yùn)動(dòng)員在技術(shù)運(yùn)用上進(jìn)行改變,規(guī)則中鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)攻的思路使運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)用高命中率技術(shù)和進(jìn)行主動(dòng)攻擊的頻率出現(xiàn)明顯提高。高科技的運(yùn)用鼓勵(lì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員使用高難度技術(shù),擊中頭部得分的難度降低,使運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)進(jìn)攻對(duì)手頭部的意識(shí)也不斷增強(qiáng)。使用電子護(hù)具會(huì)讓跆拳道運(yùn)動(dòng)員前腿動(dòng)作發(fā)生變化,連續(xù)踢擊的作用增強(qiáng),組合動(dòng)作運(yùn)用的頻率更高,防守方面的防御意識(shí)和身體的位移意識(shí)更為靈活。場地面積減少限制了運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)攻和防守時(shí)間間隔,進(jìn)攻節(jié)奏更為緊迫。通過對(duì)2016年里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)24場高水平半決賽和決賽中運(yùn)動(dòng)員技戰(zhàn)術(shù)運(yùn)用情況進(jìn)行分析總結(jié),對(duì)比舊規(guī)則條件下的2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)和2015年世界錦標(biāo)賽中運(yùn)動(dòng)員技戰(zhàn)術(shù)運(yùn)用情況,探討在新規(guī)則實(shí)施條件下、場地變化影響下的運(yùn)動(dòng)員競技水平變化和技戰(zhàn)術(shù)運(yùn)用情況。規(guī)則的變化對(duì)教練員、運(yùn)動(dòng)員、裁判員有著不同程度的影響,使裁判員的裁決、教練員的指導(dǎo)和運(yùn)動(dòng)員的訓(xùn)練與比賽出現(xiàn)不同程度的變化。本文通過對(duì)新、舊規(guī)則的變化前后高水平賽事下運(yùn)動(dòng)員技戰(zhàn)術(shù)運(yùn)用情況進(jìn)行對(duì)比,著重分析新規(guī)則對(duì)跆拳道日常訓(xùn)練產(chǎn)生的影響,特別是增加了高難度技術(shù)和場地規(guī)則新變化的技戰(zhàn)術(shù)運(yùn)用、評(píng)分規(guī)則等方面產(chǎn)生的變化。針對(duì)規(guī)則的變化情況提出有針對(duì)性的建議,為中國跆拳道事業(yè)的良性發(fā)展和跆拳道的技能和戰(zhàn)術(shù)水平的提高起到一定幫助和貢獻(xiàn)作用。經(jīng)分析得出以下結(jié)論:1.新規(guī)則中場地由四角改為八角,運(yùn)動(dòng)員在整個(gè)戰(zhàn)局和戰(zhàn)況中在邊角的時(shí)間呈上漲趨勢,這說明新規(guī)則中場地變化對(duì)跆拳道比賽傳統(tǒng)技戰(zhàn)術(shù)打法有著很大的影響。2.場地形狀的變化使對(duì)抗更加激烈,空間減少使對(duì)抗次數(shù)增加,這使得跆拳道單一技術(shù)的得分率由2012倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)接近70%,到2015跆拳道世界錦標(biāo)賽的51%,再到里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)的43%呈現(xiàn)出持續(xù)下降的趨勢。由此可以看出運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中攻防兩端更傾向于連擊技術(shù)和雙飛技術(shù)。這樣可以更好的壓制對(duì)手,占據(jù)場地優(yōu)勢。3.比賽場地的形狀變化,空間的壓縮讓高位技術(shù)更難施展,對(duì)比舊場地條件下的比賽,八角場地面積減小,增加了被反擊的幾率,使用下劈踢的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有所提高,但對(duì)于兩次規(guī)則修改之前的情況來說,下劈踢的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)非常廣泛。4.新規(guī)則變化使反擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)使用率明顯下降,得分率卻較以往比賽呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢。5.場地的面積與形狀變化對(duì)技戰(zhàn)術(shù)的形成和發(fā)展的重要影響,對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的心理和其他方面,運(yùn)動(dòng)員必須充分考慮場地的變化和約束對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的競技能力的高要求。八角形場地的設(shè)置帶來了激烈的競爭,在不同的區(qū)域的形狀變化會(huì)影響運(yùn)動(dòng)員的進(jìn)攻和防守戰(zhàn)術(shù)的應(yīng)用,八角形場地在現(xiàn)場運(yùn)動(dòng)員的戰(zhàn)術(shù)上更為靈活,從而使比賽的節(jié)奏更為緊湊。6.新規(guī)則,新場地會(huì)對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的全方面能力都是一個(gè)全新的挑戰(zhàn),進(jìn)攻技術(shù)的連續(xù)性,攻防兩端的轉(zhuǎn)換能力,心理的適應(yīng)能力以及閱讀比賽的能力都需要加強(qiáng),這就需要運(yùn)動(dòng)員有一個(gè)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練作為支撐。針對(duì)以上結(jié)論給出如下建議:1.場地的變化對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員心理是一個(gè)重要考驗(yàn),所以平時(shí)訓(xùn)練必須結(jié)合自身特點(diǎn),加強(qiáng)跆拳道的心理訓(xùn)練。跆拳道運(yùn)動(dòng)員經(jīng)過實(shí)際心理訓(xùn)練,提高心理素質(zhì),增強(qiáng)抵御變化環(huán)境的能力,創(chuàng)造良好穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)動(dòng)員態(tài)度是積極的。自己的好戰(zhàn)術(shù),完美的發(fā)揮每一場比賽的戰(zhàn)術(shù)。2.公平?jīng)Q定裁判是跆拳道的決定因素。跆拳道不僅可以提高跆拳道比賽的激烈競爭和結(jié)果的不確定性的升值過程,這是看公眾參與更重要,是跆拳道運(yùn)動(dòng)存在和發(fā)展的直接原因。3.加強(qiáng)了解和學(xué)習(xí)跆拳道的規(guī)則可以促進(jìn)更好的訓(xùn)練的科學(xué)性、合理性。由于比賽場地面積減小,比賽對(duì)抗更加激烈,更好的體能水平和體能分配能力應(yīng)當(dāng)受到重視,在今后的訓(xùn)練應(yīng)加強(qiáng)快速力量組合訓(xùn)練,保證訓(xùn)練的效率,并在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得在日常訓(xùn)練的最大優(yōu)勢。4.在戰(zhàn)術(shù)訓(xùn)練上要推陳出新,注重新技術(shù)和新方法的發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員訓(xùn)練的主動(dòng)性,加大高技戰(zhàn)術(shù)訓(xùn)練的難度和全面性,增強(qiáng)攻防技術(shù)能力,以適應(yīng)國際跆拳道訓(xùn)練新要求的提高。
[Abstract]:In order to protect the athletes, there are more restrictions on the use of technology in the competition, but these rules also have the problems of poor appreciation and less technical application. In order to improve these problems, a number of amendments and adjustments have been made to the rules of the competition in recent years. The change of the rules of the competition rules of the competition forces the athletes to change in the technical application, and the idea of encouraging the attack in the rules has made the athletes use the technique of high hit rate and the frequency of active attack to be obviously improved. The high-tech application encourages the athletes to use the high-difficulty technology, and the difficulty of hitting the head scores is reduced, so that the athletes' consciousness of attacking the head of the opponent is also continuously enhanced. The use of the electronic guard will make the movement of the front leg of the boxing champion change, the effect of the continuous kick is enhanced, the frequency of the combined action is higher, the defensive consciousness and the body's displacement consciousness are more flexible. The decrease of the site area limits the athlete's offensive and defensive time interval, and the attack rhythm is more urgent. Through the analysis and conclusion of the technical and tactical application of the athletes in the 24 high-level semi-final and final of the Olympic Games in 2016, the paper discusses the application of the technology and tactics of the athletes in the 2012 Olympic Games and the 2015 World Championships under the old rules, and discusses the application of the new rules. The change of the athletes' competitive level and the application of the tactics and tactics under the influence of the change of the site. The change of the rules has different influence on the coach, the athletes and the referees, so that the referee's decision, the coach's guidance and the athletes' training and competition have different degrees. In this paper, the influence of the new rules on the daily training of the athletes in the high-level event before and after the change of the new and the old rules is analyzed, especially the technical and tactical application of the new change of the high-difficulty technology and the site rules is added. A change in scoring rules and the like. The aim of this paper is to make some suggestions on the change of the rules, and to help and contribute to the improvement of the cause of the Chinese boxing and the improvement of the skill and the tactical level of the boxing. The following conclusions were obtained by the analysis:1. In that new rule, the space in the new rule is changed from the four corners to the star of the star, the time of the athletes at the corner in the whole game and the situation of the war is up, which indicates that the change of the field in the new rules has a great influence on the traditional technique and tactics of the competition. The change in the shape of the site makes the confrontation more intense and the space is reduced so that the number of confrontations is increased, which makes the scoring of the single technology in the world close to 70 per cent in the 2012 London Olympics and 51 per cent of the 2015 World Championships, and 43 per cent of the Rio Olympics presents a downward trend. As a result, it can be seen that the two ends of the player in the game are more prone to the continuous-attack technique and the double-fly technique. This is a better way to press the opponent and take advantage of the site. the shape of the playing field is changed, the compression of the space makes the high-order technology more difficult to use, compared with the competition under the old field condition, the area of the octagonal site is reduced, the probability of being counterattacked is increased, the risk of using the lower split kick is improved, The application of the lower splitting has been very broad. The change of the new rules makes the use rate of the counterattack obviously drop, and the score is higher than that of the previous game. The area and shape change of the field have an important influence on the formation and development of the technology and tactics, and the athletes' psychological and other aspects, the athletes must take full consideration of the change of the site and the high requirements for the athletes' competitive ability. The setting of the octagonal site brings a fierce competition. The change of shape in different areas will affect the application of the offensive and defensive tactics of the athletes, and the octagonal site is more flexible in the tactics of the on-site athletes, so that the rhythm of the competition is more compact. The new rules and new fields will be a whole new challenge to the athletes, and the continuity of the attack technology, the conversion ability of both ends, the adaptability of the psychology and the ability to read the competition need to be strengthened, This requires an athlete to have a system-based training as a support. The following recommendations are given for the above conclusions:1. The change of the field is an important test to the athlete's psychology. It is positive to create a good and stable athlete's attitude through the actual psychological training, the improvement of the psychological quality, the ability to resist the changing environment, and the creation of a good and stable player. It's a good tactic, and it's perfect for every game. The decision on a fair decision is a decisive factor in the fight. It is not only the process of appreciation of the fierce competition and the uncertainty of the result of the competition, which is the direct cause of the existence and development of the movement of the boxing and boxing. To enhance the understanding and study of the rules of the Chinese boxing track can promote the scientific and reasonable of better training. As the area of the playing field is reduced, the competition is more intense, the better performance level and the ability to allocate the physical ability should be paid attention, and in the future training, the rapid force combination training should be strengthened, the efficiency of the training is guaranteed, and the maximum advantage in the day-to-day training is obtained in the shortest time. In the tactical training, the new technology and the development of the new method should be put forward. Strengthen the initiative of the athlete's training, increase the difficulty and comprehensiveness of the high-technical and tactical training, and enhance the technical ability of the attack and defense, so as to adapt to the improvement of the new requirements of the international competition and boxing training.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G886.9

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