【摘要】：籃球轉(zhuǎn)身技術(shù)作為籃球進攻技術(shù)之一,在擺脫防守隊員過程發(fā)揮著很重要的作用,為了更好的保護球,必須提高進攻隊員的轉(zhuǎn)身技術(shù)應(yīng)用。采用爆發(fā)性轉(zhuǎn)身動作訓(xùn)練,為了探究其對籃球轉(zhuǎn)身動作的功效,本研究采用表面肌電進行測試,對肌電數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計與對比,分析轉(zhuǎn)身動作的肌肉放電時序、貢獻率和積分肌電值,旨在探尋力量訓(xùn)練方法和轉(zhuǎn)身動作訓(xùn)練的有效契合點,并進一步檢驗此訓(xùn)練手段對籃球轉(zhuǎn)身動作中爆發(fā)性提高的作用。研究對象:首都體育學(xué)院運動訓(xùn)練專業(yè)大三年級的9名男子籃球隊運動員。研究方法:采用文獻資料法、實驗法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法、比較分析法和專家訪談法。研究結(jié)果:1.徒手爆發(fā)性前轉(zhuǎn)身動作的肌肉放電時序以右側(cè)的臀大肌最先發(fā)力。后轉(zhuǎn)身動作最先激活左側(cè)的豎脊肌。前后轉(zhuǎn)身動作肌肉貢獻率以股直肌(左、右)、腓腸肌(右)最大。前后轉(zhuǎn)身動作積分肌電值以腹直肌存在著極顯著的差異;2.負重的爆發(fā)性前后轉(zhuǎn)身動作肌肉貢獻率以股直肌(左、右)與腓腸肌(右)為主要用力肌肉。前后轉(zhuǎn)身動作積分肌電值:在前轉(zhuǎn)身,負重4kg與6kg比較時,腓腸肌右變化非常顯著,后轉(zhuǎn)身時,腹直肌下降,臀大肌與腹外斜肌增長;3.抗阻爆發(fā)性前轉(zhuǎn)身動作肌肉放電時序:抗阻的三個阻力下,以豎脊肌最早被激活,時間較晚。后轉(zhuǎn)身動作時,在抗阻2kg肌肉動員時間沒提前;抗阻4kg,肌肉提前進入放電狀態(tài);4.三種狀態(tài)下爆發(fā)性前后轉(zhuǎn)身動作肌肉放電時序以背闊肌、豎脊肌的激活時間較早,持續(xù)放電較久。肌肉貢獻率在徒手與負重對比,前后轉(zhuǎn)身動作同一塊肌肉的貢獻率基本一致。研究結(jié)論:1.徒手爆發(fā)性前后轉(zhuǎn)身動作最先激活的肌肉分別為右側(cè)臀大肌和左側(cè)豎脊肌。左右側(cè)股直肌及右側(cè)腓腸肌的肌肉貢獻率最大,在積分肌電值的變化中,左側(cè)臀大肌、左側(cè)股直肌存在顯著性差異,腹直肌存在著極顯著的差異。2.徒手與負重狀態(tài)下,前后轉(zhuǎn)身動作同一塊肌肉的貢獻率基本一致,隨著負重量的增加,下肢肌肉群的放電持續(xù)時間有所增加,還調(diào)動了腹外斜肌的參與,其肌肉貢獻率明顯增加。3.抗阻訓(xùn)練對腰腹肌肉影響較小。前轉(zhuǎn)身時左側(cè)股直肌積分肌電值隨阻力增加明顯提高,后轉(zhuǎn)身時左側(cè)臀大肌的積分肌電值隨阻力增加明顯提高。適當(dāng)?shù)淖枇毩?xí)能保障肌肉的放電持續(xù)時間,但并不是阻力越大放電持續(xù)時間越長。
[Abstract]:As one of the basketball offensive techniques, basketball turning technology plays an important role in the process of getting rid of the defensive players. In order to better protect the ball, the application of the turning technology of the attacking players must be improved. In order to explore its effect on basketball turning action, the surface electromyography was used to test and compare the EMG data, and the time sequence of muscle discharge was analyzed. The contribution rate and integral EMG value are aimed at exploring the effective convergence point between the strength training method and the turning movement training, and further examining the effect of this training method on the explosive improvement of the basketball turning movement. Participants: nine male basketball team players in the junior year of sports training major in Capital Institute of physical Education. Methods: literature, experiment, mathematical statistics, comparative analysis and expert interview were used. Results: 1. The muscle discharge sequence of the hand-to-hand forward-turn movement is the first to the right gluteus maximus. The back turn first activates the left chiropractor muscle. The muscle contribution rate of the front and back turn movement was the largest in rectus femoris (left, right) and gastrocnemius (right). There was a significant difference in the integral EMG value of the anterior and posterior turn between the rectus abdominis and the rectus abdominis; 2. The muscle contribution rate of turning around before and after the load was mainly the muscle of rectus femoris (left, right) and gastrocnemius (right). In front and back turn action integral myoelectric value: in front turn, weight bearing 4kg compared with 6kg, the right change of gastrocnemius muscle was very significant, after turning, the rectus abdominis muscle decreased, the gluteus maximus muscle and external oblique muscle increased; 3. The time sequence of muscle discharges in the front turn movement of resistance to explosion: under the three resistance of resistance, the erector spinal muscle was first activated, and the time was relatively late. After turning around, the time of muscle mobilization in resisting 2kg was not advanced, the resistance was 4 kg, the muscle entered into discharge state in advance, and 4. 3%. In the three states, the time sequence of muscle discharges was latissimus dorsi and erector spinal muscle, and the duration of discharges was longer than that of latissimus dorsi muscle. The ratio of muscle contribution was basically the same as that of the same muscle. Conclusion: 1. The muscles that were first activated before and after the flare were the right gluteus maximus and the left vertical spinal muscle. The muscle contribution rate of the right and left rectus femoris and the right gastrocnemius muscle was the largest. There were significant differences between the left gluteus maximus muscle and the left rectus femoris muscle and the rectus abdominis muscle. 2. Under the condition of bare hand and weight bearing, the contribution rate of the same muscle was basically the same. With the increase of load, the discharge duration of lower extremity muscle group increased, and the external oblique abdominal muscle was involved. Its muscle contribution rate increased significantly. Resistance training has little effect on lumbar abdominal muscles. The integral myoelectric value of the left rectus femoris muscle increased significantly with the increase of resistance while that of the left gluteus maximus muscle increased with the increase of resistance. Proper resistance exercises can guarantee the duration of muscle discharge, but not the longer the resistance is.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G841

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