【摘要】：國(guó)家體育總局為加強(qiáng)奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目后備人才培養(yǎng),建立健全奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目后備人才培養(yǎng)體系,面向全國(guó)建立奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目“高水平后備人才基地”,國(guó)家體育總局于2013年確定新一批“排球高水平后備人才基地”�！芭徘蚋咚胶髠淙瞬呕亍笔俏覈�(guó)排球后備人才培養(yǎng)和儲(chǔ)備的基層排球訓(xùn)練單位,明晰其女排運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體形態(tài)、專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)主要指標(biāo)的現(xiàn)狀、特征,為教練員的科學(xué)訓(xùn)練提供理論參考。通過文獻(xiàn)資料法、身體形態(tài)測(cè)量、專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)測(cè)試法及數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)等方法,對(duì)參加國(guó)家體育總局組織的2015、2016年“全國(guó)排球高水平后備人才基地”集訓(xùn)的341名女排運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身體形態(tài)、專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)主要指標(biāo)進(jìn)行研究,從年齡、專位等不同角度分析得出以下結(jié)論:(1)女排運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體形態(tài)、專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)主要指標(biāo)與青年女排運(yùn)動(dòng)員相比還有一定差距;根據(jù)《大綱》評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)主要指標(biāo)得分均未及格;可見其身體形態(tài)、專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)水平較低,但該年齡段的運(yùn)動(dòng)員處于青春發(fā)育期,身體形態(tài)有很大的上升空間,身體素質(zhì)也處于發(fā)展敏感階段。(2)身體形態(tài)主要指標(biāo)發(fā)展的突增期、敏感期:體重、克托萊指數(shù)在10-11歲增加最為明顯;身高、手足間距、指間距于11-12歲突增。專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)主要指標(biāo)發(fā)展的突增期、敏感期:30米跑、半“米”字移動(dòng)、雙搖跳繩成績(jī)?cè)?0-11歲間突增;助跑摸高于10-12歲期間突增;立定跳遠(yuǎn)在16-17歲間增加最為明顯。(3)主攻突出表現(xiàn)為身材較高大,身體厚實(shí)肌肉充實(shí)度最高;副攻身材高大,四肢較長(zhǎng),但身體單薄充實(shí)度較低。接應(yīng)與二傳身體形態(tài)相近,主要表現(xiàn)為身材適中,身體充實(shí)度適中。自由人高度類指標(biāo)與其他專位有明顯差距,克托萊指數(shù)僅低于主攻且不具顯著性差異,可見自由人身體厚實(shí)充實(shí)度高。不同專位身體形態(tài)符合排球運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目技戰(zhàn)術(shù)分工特點(diǎn),但與青年女排相比存在明顯的差距。(4)主攻彈跳能力沒有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),快速移動(dòng)和靈敏協(xié)調(diào)能力較差;副攻彈跳有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),其他專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)成績(jī)并不突出;接應(yīng)較為全面,各專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)成績(jī)均良好;二傳專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)指標(biāo)均不突出;自由人快速移動(dòng)和靈敏協(xié)調(diào)能力突出。以《大綱》評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為依據(jù),各專位專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)主要指標(biāo)均未達(dá)到及格水平,且與青年女排各專位相比也有顯著差距;可見我國(guó)“排球高水平后備人才基地”女排各專位專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)整體水平較低。建議教練員遵循青少年生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育規(guī)律,科學(xué)、合理安排訓(xùn)練以促進(jìn)身體形態(tài)的發(fā)展;現(xiàn)階段應(yīng)以《大綱》的專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)及格成績(jī)?yōu)槟繕?biāo),充分利用各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)發(fā)展的敏感期,針對(duì)不同年齡、不同專位運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,使不同年齡、不同專位運(yùn)動(dòng)員專項(xiàng)素質(zhì)至少達(dá)到及格水平。
[Abstract]:In order to strengthen the training of reserve talents for Olympic events, to establish and improve the training system of reserve talents for Olympic events, the State Sports Administration has set up a "high-level reserve talent base" for Olympic events throughout the country. In 2013, the State General Administration of Sports confirmed a new batch of high-level reserve volleyball talent base. "Volleyball High level Reserve Talent Base" is a basic volleyball training unit in China for training and reserving reserve volleyball talents. The present situation and characteristics of the main indexes of female volleyball players' body shape and special quality are clarified. To provide a theoretical reference for the scientific training of coaches. Through the methods of literature, body shape measurement, special diathesis test and mathematical statistics, the body shape of 341 women volleyball athletes who participated in the 2015,2016 "National Volleyball High level Reserve Talent Base" organized by the State Sports Administration was studied. The main indexes of special quality are studied, and the following conclusions are drawn from different angles of age and special position: (1) there is a certain gap between the main indexes of special quality and that of young women volleyball players; (1) the body shape of women volleyball athletes; According to the score standard of "outline", the main indexes of special quality failed; It can be seen that the physical form and the level of special quality are relatively low, but the athletes of this age group are in the period of youth development, and the body form has a great room for rising. Physical quality is also in the sensitive stage of development. (2) the development of the main indicators of body shape, sensitive period: body weight, Ketole index in 10-11 years old the most obvious increase; Height, distance between hands and feet, finger spacing increased at the age of 11-12. The main indicators of special quality development period, sensitive period: 30 meters run, half "meter" word movement, double swing jump rope score between 10-11 years old, run-up is higher than 10-12 years of age sudden increase; Standing long jump in 16-17 years of age is the most obvious increase. (3) the main attack prominent for the larger, the body thick muscle fullness is the highest; the secondary attack is tall, the limbs are longer, but the body thin fullness is lower. The connection is similar to the second transmission body shape, mainly for the moderate figure, moderate body fullness. There is a significant difference between the free person height index and other special position, the Ketole index is only lower than the main attack and there is no significant difference, it can be seen that the free person has a high degree of body thickness and fullness. The body form of different special positions accords with the characteristics of volleyball sports technical and tactical division, but there is a significant difference compared with young women volleyball. (4) the ability of main attack and bounce has no obvious advantage, and the ability of quick movement and sensitive coordination is poor; Secondary attack bouncing has obvious advantages, other special quality achievements are not outstanding; more comprehensive, all special quality results are good; second pass special quality indicators are not outstanding; free people fast movement and sensitive coordination ability outstanding. According to the scoring standard of outline, the main indexes of special quality of each specialized position did not reach the pass level, and there was a significant difference compared with the special position of youth women's volleyball team. It can be seen that the overall level of the special quality of the women's volleyball team is relatively low in our country's "Volleyball High level Reserve Talent Base". It is suggested that coaches follow the law of growth and development of teenagers, scientifically and rationally arrange training to promote the development of body shape. At the present stage, we should take the passing achievement of the special quality of the outline as the goal, make full use of the sensitive period of the development of each index, and train the athletes of different ages and special positions in order to make the athletes of different ages, The special quality of the athletes in different special positions is at least up to the passing level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：集美大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G842

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