【摘要】：本研究運用運動生物力學中的運動學與表面肌電同步技術(shù)對我國優(yōu)秀青年女子速滑運動員、全國青年紀錄保持者韓梅的入彎技術(shù)進行測量,針對運動員韓梅的入彎技術(shù)動作結(jié)構(gòu)進行科學的分析。研究結(jié)論:1通過分析運動員韓梅在入彎滑行過程中,重心在X、Y、Z、3D四個方面的位移和速度的變化可知,其重心速度相對平穩(wěn),變化幅度不大,速度平均值均在11 m/s以上。運動員韓梅能夠較好的運用彎道階段的離心力,但還應(yīng)提升對重心速度的掌控能力,加強蹬冰的作用效果,對彎道重心速度的提升具有積極意義。2左、右上肢各關(guān)節(jié)在交叉蹬冰滑行過程中,運動員韓梅的上肢擺動幅度在世界優(yōu)秀女子上肢關(guān)節(jié)擺動范圍內(nèi),角度變化趨勢具有一定的平穩(wěn)性。但肘關(guān)節(jié)比肩關(guān)節(jié)的角速度變化快,肘關(guān)節(jié)的發(fā)力明顯早于肩關(guān)節(jié),肘關(guān)節(jié)相應(yīng)肌肉的做功大于肩關(guān)節(jié)相應(yīng)肌肉的做功,其發(fā)力順序均為:肘—肩。3與世界優(yōu)秀女子運動員相比,運動員韓梅下肢膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)伸展角度略微過大,導(dǎo)致加大腿部能力的損耗,支撐腿的力量不足,不能使其下肢姿勢更低,不能給予重心足夠的加速度,使重心與擺動腿的變化幅度不一致,削弱了蹬冰效果。在平時訓練期間,入彎時應(yīng)關(guān)注下肢膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)角度擺動,控制下肢膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)角度,減少能量消耗,能夠更好地保持動作的節(jié)奏性。4左、右下肢踝關(guān)節(jié)在入彎過程中的角速度波動幅度較大、發(fā)力持續(xù)時間較長,右腿攻冰交叉壓道同時左腿后側(cè)蹬伸蹬冰滑行階段與左腿后側(cè)蹬冰伸直后滑行至左腿收起抬離地面階段,左下肢關(guān)節(jié)的發(fā)力順序依次為:髖—膝—踝、膝—髖—踝;右下肢關(guān)節(jié)的發(fā)力順序依次為:膝—踝—髖、踝—髖—膝。5在入彎滑行過程中,肌肉做功電量貢獻率前六位是:右側(cè)脛骨前肌;左側(cè)脛骨前肌;右側(cè)股直肌;右側(cè)股四頭肌外側(cè)頭;左側(cè)腓腸肌內(nèi)側(cè)頭;左側(cè)股直肌。數(shù)值分別為:105、91、91、78、70、68。根據(jù)測試數(shù)據(jù)針對運動員韓梅入彎技術(shù)動作提出可行性建議,為今后青年速滑運動員的入彎技術(shù)提供技術(shù)診斷和評價提供可借鑒的依據(jù)和標準,并為青少年速度滑冰運動的教學和訓練提供指導(dǎo)性意見。
[Abstract]:In this study, kinematics and surface electromyography (EMG) synchronization in sports biomechanics were used to measure the bending technique of Han Mei, an outstanding young female speed skater in China and the holder of national youth record. This paper makes a scientific analysis on the structure of athlete Han Mei's entry technique. The conclusions are as follows: (1) by analyzing the displacement and velocity of the center of gravity in the four aspects of XFYY Zhe 3D, the center of gravity of the athlete Han Mei is relatively stable, and the range of variation is not large, by analyzing the displacement and velocity of the center of gravity in the course of entering the bend and gliding. The average velocity is above 11 m / s. Han Mei can make good use of the centrifugal force in the curve stage, but he should also enhance the control ability of the barycenter speed and strengthen the effect of ice pedal, which has positive significance for the elevation of the barycenter velocity of the bend. In the course of crossing and skidding of each joint of the right upper limb, the swinging amplitude of the upper limb of athlete Han Mei is within the range of the joint swing of the world's outstanding women's upper limb, and the angle change trend has certain stability. However, the angular velocity of the elbow joint changes faster than that of the shoulder joint. The strength of the elbow joint is obviously earlier than that of the shoulder joint, and the work of the corresponding muscle of the elbow joint is greater than that of the corresponding muscle of the shoulder joint. The order of exertion is as follows: elbow-shoulder. 3 compared with the world's elite female athletes, Han Mei's lower limb knee and ankle extension angle are slightly too large, resulting in increasing the loss of leg ability and insufficient strength to support the leg. The lower limb posture can not be lower and the center of gravity can not be given enough acceleration, which makes the variation of center of gravity inconsistent with that of swinging leg, which weakens the effect of ice pedal. During normal training, we should pay attention to lower limb knee and ankle angle swing, control lower limb knee and ankle joint angle, reduce energy consumption, and keep the rhythm of movement better. 4 left, The angular velocity of the ankle joint of the right lower limb fluctuates greatly during the bending process, and the exertion lasts for a long time. At the same time, the right leg hit the ice cross pressure and the left leg pedaled through the ice slide stage and the left leg back side pedal ice stretched straight to the left leg to lift off the ground stage. The order of the left lower limb joint was: hip knee ankle, knee hip ankle; The order of the right lower extremity joint is as follows: knee-ankle-hip, malleolus-hip-knee. 5 in the process of sliding into the bend, the first six positions of the power contribution rate of muscle work are: right tibial anterior muscle, left tibial anterior muscle, right rectus femoris muscle, right tibial anterior muscle, right rectus femoris muscle; Lateral head of right quadriceps muscle; medial head of left gastrocnemius muscle; left rectus femoris muscle. The values are 105 / 91 / 91 / 78 / 70 / 68 respectively. According to the test data, some feasible suggestions are put forward for Han Mei's entry technique, which can be used as a reference for the diagnosis and evaluation of young speed skaters in the future. It also provides guidance for the teaching and training of juvenile speed skating.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽體育學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G862.1

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