【摘要】：目的:女子鏈球是我國田徑的優(yōu)勢項(xiàng)目,涌現(xiàn)了一批優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員,如2016年里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)亞軍得主張文秀,和現(xiàn)亞洲紀(jì)錄保持者王崢。本文在比賽成績較為相近的前提下,對張文秀、王崢兩位運(yùn)動(dòng)員的投擲技術(shù)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析,找出他們技術(shù)動(dòng)作上的優(yōu)勢與存在的不足,使他們相互借鑒取長補(bǔ)短,為改進(jìn)和完善投擲技術(shù)提供參考。方法:本文使用兩部卡西歐EX-FH25高速攝像機(jī),一部放置在投擲方向的正后面,另一部放置在垂直于投擲方向的正側(cè)面,拍攝頻率為120幀/S,主光軸夾角約90°,拍攝距離投擲圈中心約10米,攝像機(jī)離地面高度約1.2米,分別對張文秀2014年成都長投賽和王崢2014年北京國際挑戰(zhàn)賽進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場三維拍攝,從中選取張文秀74.77米的比賽素材和王崢74.71米的比賽素材,運(yùn)用APAS運(yùn)動(dòng)解析軟件對兩位運(yùn)動(dòng)員的投擲技術(shù)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析。結(jié)果:(1)完成整個(gè)投擲動(dòng)作所用時(shí)間,王崢為2.233秒,張文秀為2.367秒。張文秀在第三圈旋轉(zhuǎn)單雙支撐用時(shí)分別為0.242秒、0.225秒,第四圈單雙支撐用時(shí)分別為0.242秒、0.216秒。(2)根據(jù)王崢鏈球速度曲線圖發(fā)現(xiàn),在第二、第三、第四圈的旋轉(zhuǎn)中最大速度出現(xiàn)在各圈單支撐階段。張文秀、王崢第四圈的球速增量分別為1.67m/s、1.7m/s,兩人第一圈球速增量分別為2.95m/s、2.27m/s。(3)王崢第一圈到第四圈鏈球運(yùn)行軌跡的斜面角依次為29°、33°、39°、44°,出手角度為43°。張文秀在第二、第三、第四圈單支撐旋轉(zhuǎn)階段,右腳落地時(shí)刻,鏈球所處方位角分別為269°、257°、267°。(4)根據(jù)王崢左膝關(guān)節(jié)角度變化曲線圖,發(fā)現(xiàn)她在旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中左膝關(guān)節(jié)角度最大值出現(xiàn)在右腳離地之前。出手瞬間張文秀左右膝角分別為158°、148°,而王崢左右膝角為145°、124°。結(jié)論:(1)王崢在完成整個(gè)投擲動(dòng)作所用時(shí)間與張文秀相比更短,反映出王崢動(dòng)作速度快的特點(diǎn)。張文秀在旋轉(zhuǎn)的第三圈和第四圈單雙支撐時(shí)間結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,影響了旋轉(zhuǎn)節(jié)奏和鏈球的加速效果。(2)王崢在第二、第三、第四圈單支撐階段,當(dāng)鏈球運(yùn)行至最高點(diǎn)位置時(shí),有拉球發(fā)力的情況出現(xiàn)。張文秀、王崢第四圈的球速增量均小于第一圈增量,表現(xiàn)出對器械持續(xù)加速能力弱的特點(diǎn)。(3)王崢在第三圈和第四圈鏈球運(yùn)行的軌跡斜面角變化不合理,直接影響到她的出手角度。張文秀在旋轉(zhuǎn)中單支撐階段右腳存在落地較慢的現(xiàn)象。(4)王崢右腳落地位置偏后,造成雙支撐階段左腿蹬伸不合理。出手瞬間王崢左右膝角,角度過小,說明最后用力階段下肢蹬伸不充分。
[Abstract]:Objective: women's chain tennis is a dominant event in track and field in China. A group of outstanding athletes have emerged, such as Zhang Wenxiu, runner-up of the 2016 Rio Olympics, and Wang Zheng, the current Asian record holder. On the premise of similar results, this paper analyzes the throwing techniques of Zhang Wenxiu and Wang Zheng in order to find out the advantages and disadvantages of their technical movements, so that they can learn from each other and complement each other. It provides a reference for improving and perfecting the throwing technique. Methods: two Casio EX-FH25 high-speed cameras were used in this paper. One was placed directly behind the throwing direction and the other was placed on the front side perpendicular to the throwing direction. The shooting frequency was 120frame / S, and the angle of the main optical axis was about 90 擄. The shooting distance was about 10 meters from the center of the throwing ring and the camera was about 1.2 meters above the ground. Three dimensional photos were taken of Zhang Wenxiu's 2014 long throw in Chengdu and Wang Zheng's 2014 Beijing International Challenge, respectively. This paper selects the material of Zhang Wenxiu 74.77 meters and Wang Zheng 74.71 meters to analyze the throwing technique of the two athletes by using APAS software. Results: (1) the time to complete the throwing was 2.233 seconds for Wang Zheng and 2.367 seconds for Zhang Wenxiu. Zhang Wenxiu took 0.242 seconds and 0.225 seconds to rotate single and double support in the third lap, 0.242 seconds and 0.216 seconds for the fourth circle, respectively. (2) according to Wang Zheng's chain velocity curve, in the second and third, The maximum speed of the fourth rotation occurs at the single support stage of each cycle. Zhang Wenxiu and Wang Zheng increased the ball speed by 1.67 m / s and 1.7 m / s respectively in the fourth lap, and the first lap increased by 2.95 m / s, respectively. 2.27m / s. (3) the angle of inclined plane of the trajectory of Wang Zheng from the first circle to the fourth circle is 29 擄, 33 擄, 39 擄, 44 擄, and the angle of release is 43 擄. Zhang Wenxiu was in the second, third, and fourth lap at the stage of single-support rotation. When the right foot landed, the azimuth angles of the chain ball were 269 擄, 257 擄, 267 擄respectively. (4) according to Wang Zheng's curve of angle change of the left knee joint, It was found that the maximum angle of the left knee appeared before the right foot left the ground during the rotation. Zhang Wenxiu's right and left knee angles were 158 擄, 148 擄, respectively, while Wang Zheng's were 145 擄and 124 擄. Conclusion: (1) compared with Zhang Wenxiu, Wang Zheng's time to complete the whole throwing movement is shorter than that of Zhang Wenxiu, which reflects the characteristics of Wang Zheng's rapid movement. Zhang Wenxiu had an unreasonable time structure of single and double support in the third and fourth laps of rotation, which affected the rhythm of rotation and the acceleration effect of the chain ball. (2) Wang Zheng was in the second, third, and fourth lap in the single support stage, when the chain ball was running to the highest point. There is a pull of the ball to force the situation. Zhang Wenxiu and Wang Zheng's increment of ball speed in the fourth lap were all smaller than those in the first circle, showing a weak ability to continuously accelerate the apparatus. (3) Wang Zheng's trajectory diagonal angle in the third and fourth circles of the chain ball was not reasonable. It has a direct impact on her angle of action. Zhang Wenxiu had the phenomenon that the right foot fell slowly in the single support stage of rotation. (4) after Wang Zheng's right foot fell to the ground, it was unreasonable to extend the left leg in the double support stage. At the moment of hand, Wang Zheng left and right knee angle, angle too small, indicating that the last stage of the strength of the lower extremity is not sufficient.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G824.4

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