【摘要】：田徑項(xiàng)目是奧運(yùn)會(huì)中的金牌大戶(hù),田徑中的走、跑、跳、投是一切運(yùn)動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)。田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展水平直接關(guān)系到一個(gè)國(guó)家在世界綜合類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上能否取得好成績(jī)。我國(guó)一直是田徑的弱國(guó),要想在奧運(yùn)會(huì)總獎(jiǎng)牌榜上更進(jìn)一步,必須抓好田徑這一大項(xiàng)。2013年初國(guó)家體育總局提出的“1516突破行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”對(duì)于2015年田徑世錦賽和2016年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上取得的優(yōu)異成績(jī)可謂功不可沒(méi)。本文主要采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法、邏輯分析法和專(zhuān)家訪談法等研究方法從近五屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)和世錦賽我國(guó)田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)總體成績(jī)變化、重點(diǎn)和次重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目成績(jī)變化、男女運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成績(jī)變化、各項(xiàng)群發(fā)展?fàn)顩r以及世界田壇競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局演變等方面進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,全面闡述我國(guó)田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,探究成績(jī)變化原因,找出不足,總結(jié)成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),為以后我國(guó)田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供可借鑒的理論依據(jù)。本文主要得出以下結(jié)論:1.在近五屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)、世錦賽中,我國(guó)田徑隊(duì)在參賽人數(shù)、奪牌數(shù)、獎(jiǎng)牌榜、前八名人數(shù)、總積分、積分榜方面均呈上升趨勢(shì),尤其在2015年第15屆田徑世錦賽和2016年第31屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)中以上各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)均取得歷史新高。2.從近五屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)、世錦賽來(lái)看,我國(guó)田徑重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目發(fā)展基本穩(wěn)定,里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)周期內(nèi)男女競(jìng)走和女子投擲保持強(qiáng)勢(shì),男子110米欄和女子中長(zhǎng)跑下滑嚴(yán)重。次重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目如男子跳躍、短跑在2015和2016年進(jìn)步格外突出,分別已具備沖擊獎(jiǎng)牌和前八的實(shí)力。我國(guó)田徑整體實(shí)力進(jìn)步明顯。3.里約奧運(yùn)周期內(nèi),我國(guó)田徑耐力性項(xiàng)群保持強(qiáng)勢(shì),快速力量性項(xiàng)群進(jìn)步顯著,速度性項(xiàng)群正在崛起,項(xiàng)群結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化。4.在第15屆世錦賽和第31屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)上,我國(guó)田徑男女比例基本均衡,擺脫了一直以來(lái)“陰盛陽(yáng)衰”的尷尬局面。5.2013年初國(guó)家體育總局田徑管理中心制定了名為“1516突破行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”幫助我國(guó)田徑在2015年世錦賽和2016年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上取得顯著進(jìn)步。6.通過(guò)對(duì)成績(jī)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,針對(duì)目前我國(guó)田徑的現(xiàn)狀,提出幾點(diǎn)建議,應(yīng)抓住目前田徑發(fā)展的良好勢(shì)頭,借鑒“1516計(jì)劃”中的有效措施;進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)、次重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目重新布局,突出重點(diǎn),突破次重點(diǎn);繼續(xù)均衡男女項(xiàng)目發(fā)展;加強(qiáng)國(guó)內(nèi)體育科研及創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng);積極完善體教結(jié)合的人才培養(yǎng)模式;加速我國(guó)田徑市場(chǎng)化發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Track and field is the gold medal in the Olympic Games, track and field walking, running, jumping, throwing is the basis of all sports. The development level of track and field is directly related to whether a country can achieve good results in the world comprehensive sports meeting. China has always been a weak country in track and field. If we want to go further in the overall medal table of the Olympic Games, The "1516 Breakthrough Action Plan" proposed by the State Administration of Sports in early 2013 has contributed to the excellent results of the 2015 World Athletics Championships and the 2016 Olympic Games. This paper mainly adopts the methods of literature, mathematical statistics, logic analysis and expert interview from the recent five Olympic Games and the world championships to change the overall results of track and field sports, and the changes of the key and sub-key events. This paper makes a statistical analysis on the changes of performance of male and female athletes, the development of various groups and the evolution of the competitive pattern of world athletics, etc., comprehensively expounds the development of track and field sports in China, probes into the reasons for the change of achievements, and finds out the shortcomings. Summing up the successful experience to provide the theoretical basis for the sustainable development of track and field in the future. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. In the recent five Olympic Games and the world championships, China's track and field teams have shown an upward trend in terms of the number of participants, the number of medals won, the number of medals in the top eight, the total points, and the table of scores. In particular, the figures for the 15th World Athletics Championships in 2015 and the 31st Olympic Games in 2016 were at an all-time high of 2. 2. Judging from the recent five Olympic Games and the world championships, the development of key track and field events in China is basically stable. During the Rio Olympic Games cycle, the men and women race and women's throwing remain strong, and the men's 110m hurdles and women's middle and long distance races slide seriously. Minor events such as men's jumping made extraordinary progress in sprinting in 2015 and 2016, with the ability to compete in medals and in the top eight, respectively. Our country track and field overall strength progress is obvious. 3. During the period of Rio Olympic Games, the endurance team of track and field in China remained strong, the fast strength group made remarkable progress, the speed group was rising and the structure of the group changed. 4. At the 15th World Championships and the 31st Olympic Games, the proportion of men and women in track and field in China was basically balanced. In early 5.2013, the State Sports Administration track and Field Management Center developed a "1516 Breakthrough Action Plan" to help China's track and field in the 2015 world championships and 2016 Olympic Games. Remarkable progress. 6. Through the statistical analysis of the results, according to the present situation of track and field in our country, some suggestions are put forward, which should seize the good momentum of track and field development at present and draw lessons from the effective measures in the "1516 Plan". Focus, re-layout of sub-key projects, highlight the focus, break through the sub-focus; continue to balance the development of male and female projects; strengthen the training of domestic sports scientific research and innovation; actively improve the combination of sports and education personnel training model; Accelerate the market development of track and field in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G82

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