【摘要】：田徑運動是奧運會運動項目中金牌數(shù)量最多的項目,跳遠是田徑比賽中最精彩的項目之一,屬于體能主導(dǎo)類力量亞類群的速度項目。優(yōu)異的跳遠成績?nèi)Q于良好的跳遠專項體能與專項技術(shù),科學(xué)有效的訓(xùn)練手段和方法是提高專項體能、改進專項技術(shù)的有效途徑,也是提高跳遠成績的重要保障。本文將組合式俯角斜板助跑道應(yīng)用于跳遠助跑和起跳訓(xùn)練過程中,采用文獻資料法、專家訪談法、訓(xùn)練實驗法、錄像拍攝法、錄像解析法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法等研究方法對跳遠專項技術(shù)和能力的影響進行研究,探討組合式俯角斜板助跑道應(yīng)用于跳遠專項訓(xùn)練中的訓(xùn)練效果,以彌補跳遠專項訓(xùn)練器材創(chuàng)新的不足,提高跳遠專項訓(xùn)練的科學(xué)性和有效性。研究結(jié)果表明:1.組合式俯角斜板助跑道是根據(jù)跳遠項目和俯角斜板的特點,將俯角斜板進行創(chuàng)造性的組合,以此針對不同水平的運動員,而設(shè)計的類似下坡跑,使運動員在跳遠助跑和起跳過程中既能改進技術(shù)又能有效提高專項能力的專項訓(xùn)練器材。組合式俯角斜板助跑道訓(xùn)練相對于傳統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練具有較大優(yōu)勢,體現(xiàn)在:訓(xùn)練器材簡便經(jīng)濟、安全實效、方便組合、容易操作、使用靈活,效果顯著,能達到豐富訓(xùn)練手段,提高運動員練習(xí)興趣的目的。2.從4.3分析可以看出:專業(yè)組女運動員實驗前后的跳遠成績經(jīng)T檢驗,有顯著性差異(P0.05);專業(yè)組男運動員實驗前后的跳遠成績經(jīng)T檢驗,有顯著性差異(P0.05);實驗組和對照組實驗前的跳遠成績經(jīng)T檢驗,沒有顯著性差異(P0.05),而實驗組和對照組實驗后的跳遠成績經(jīng)T檢驗,差異具有非常顯著性(P0.01)。說明通過組合式俯角斜板助跑道跳遠訓(xùn)練比常規(guī)傳統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練對跳遠成績提高的幅度更大,效果更明顯。3.在組合式俯角斜板助跑道的訓(xùn)練下,運動員助跑的速度、起跳的的速度、助跑和起跳轉(zhuǎn)換的速度更快,騰起的角度變大、騰起的初速度加快,騰空的時間更長,運動員的髖關(guān)節(jié)、膝關(guān)節(jié)、踝關(guān)節(jié)以及大腿前后肌群、小腿肌群力量明顯加大,軀干穩(wěn)定性加強。4.組合式俯角斜板助跑道訓(xùn)練超過跳遠比賽的要求,符合跳遠的技術(shù)動作結(jié)構(gòu)、用力特征、用力方向,能在助跑和起跳過程中有效地改進跳遠技術(shù),提高跳遠專項能力以及成績。5.組合式俯角斜板助跑道可靈活根據(jù)運動員能力大小及訓(xùn)練目的進行組合,還能同傳統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練手段相結(jié)合,符合跳遠專項訓(xùn)練的要求,亦適用于短距離徑賽項目、部分田賽項目以及其他運動項目。
[Abstract]:Track and field is the most gold medal event in the Olympic Games, the long jump is one of the most wonderful events in track and field competition, which belongs to the speed event of physical strength subgroup. The excellent long jump result depends on the good long jump special physical ability and the special technique. The scientific and effective training means and method is the effective way to improve the special physical ability and the special technique, and is also the important guarantee to improve the long jump result. In this paper, the combined inclined board runway is applied to the long jump run-up and take-off training. The methods of literature, expert interview, training experiment, video shooting and video analysis are used. This paper studies the influence of mathematical statistics and other research methods on the special technique and ability of the long jump, and discusses the training effect of the combined inclined board in the special training of the long jump, so as to make up for the shortage of the innovation of the special training equipment for the long jump. Improve the scientific nature and effectiveness of long jump training. The results show that: 1. According to the characteristics of the long jump project and the slope board, the composite angle slope board is a creative combination of the slope board, which is designed for different levels of athletes and similar downhill running. A special training equipment which can improve both technique and ability in long jump run-up and take-off. Compared with the traditional training, the combined angle inclined board has a great advantage over the traditional training, which is reflected in: the training equipment is simple, economical, safe and effective, easy to combine, easy to operate, flexible in use, remarkable in effect, and can achieve rich training means. The purpose of increasing the athletes' interest in practicing. 2. From the 4.3 analysis, we can see: the long jump scores of professional group female athletes before and after the experiment, there is significant difference (P0.05), professional group male athletes' long jump results before and after the experiment T test, there is significant difference (P0.05); There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group before the long jump test (P0.05), while the experimental group and the control group after the test T-test, the difference was very significant (P0.01). The results show that the training of runway long jump by combined angle inclined board is more effective than the conventional training, and the effect is more obvious than that of conventional training. Under the training of the combined ramp board, the speed of run-up, the speed of take-off, the speed of run-up and take-off, the speed of take-off and take-off are faster, the angle of rising becomes larger, the initial speed of lifting is quickened, and the time of take-off is longer. The athlete's hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint, thigh anterior and posterior muscle group, calf muscle group strength obviously increased, torso stability strengthens 4. 4. The combined ramp board can help train the runway in excess of the requirements of the long jump competition. It conforms to the technical action structure of the long jump, the characteristics of exertion, and the direction of exertion. It can effectively improve the long jump technique during the run-up and take-off. Improve the ability and performance of long jump. 5. 5. The combined slope board can be combined flexibly according to the athlete's ability and training purpose, and can be combined with the traditional training methods, which can meet the requirements of special training in the long jump, and can also be used in short distance track events. Some field events and other sports.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G823.3

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