【摘要】：身體功能訓(xùn)練(Physical Functional Training)作為一種新興的訓(xùn)練理念在競技體育的應(yīng)用價(jià)值日益得到肯定和重視,在對運(yùn)動員功能動作篩查(FMS)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行較為科學(xué)合理的分析和診斷,及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動員存在的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),有目的、有針對性的進(jìn)行個(gè)性化的訓(xùn)練,能有效的改善運(yùn)動員不良和錯(cuò)誤的動作模式,提高運(yùn)動員自身的穩(wěn)定性、靈活性和平衡性,優(yōu)化機(jī)體動力鏈的傳遞,提高運(yùn)動員的競技表現(xiàn)能力,進(jìn)而達(dá)到挖掘運(yùn)動潛力、延長運(yùn)動壽命、預(yù)防運(yùn)動損傷的目的。運(yùn)動損傷一直是制約我國高校競技體育持續(xù)發(fā)展的問題之一,本文針對此問題運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料法、實(shí)地觀察法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法和比較分析法對武漢體育學(xué)院跳遠(yuǎn)訓(xùn)練隊(duì)的身體功能損傷預(yù)防訓(xùn)練方法進(jìn)行分析整理,研究得出以下結(jié)論:(1)訓(xùn)練前跳遠(yuǎn)運(yùn)動員的功能動作篩查(FMS)平均值為13.57分,訓(xùn)練中FMS得分的平均值為15.71分,比訓(xùn)練前提高了2.14分;訓(xùn)練后FMS得分的平均值為17.14分,比訓(xùn)練中測的均值提高了1.43分,比訓(xùn)練前提高了3.57分。說明跳遠(yuǎn)運(yùn)動員身體的基本運(yùn)動功能得到有效的提高,錯(cuò)誤和不良的動作模式得到積極的改善,運(yùn)動損傷的幾率有所降低。(2)訓(xùn)練前跳遠(yuǎn)運(yùn)動員的30米加速跑平均值為3.82秒,立定三級跳的平均值為7.59米,原地側(cè)向推鉛球的平均值為7.63米,訓(xùn)練中測中三項(xiàng)成績的平均值分別為3.76秒、7.77米、7.91米,比訓(xùn)練前測的均值分別提高了0.06秒、0.16米和0.28米;訓(xùn)練后測中三項(xiàng)成績的平均值分別為3.7秒、7.89米、8.25米,比訓(xùn)練中測均值分別提高了0.06秒、0.12米和0.34米,比訓(xùn)練前測均值分別提高了0.12秒、0.28米和0.62米。(3)身體功能損傷預(yù)防訓(xùn)練中的軟組織激活主要以泡沫軸、按摩棒、花生球和壘球的激活為主;軀干支柱力量練習(xí)圍繞人體的前側(cè)、后側(cè)、左右兩側(cè)肌群在不同練習(xí)階段設(shè)計(jì)的動態(tài)靜態(tài)的練習(xí)為主;臀肌激活主要利用彈力帶設(shè)計(jì)不同階段的行進(jìn)走、交叉走練習(xí)為主;動態(tài)拉伸主要以拉伸整體肌群的動靜態(tài)動作為主;動作整合以不同階段的踏步走、墊步走和交叉走練習(xí)為主;神經(jīng)激活以不同階段的踏跳、單腳踏跳以及交叉跳為主。(4)身體功能損傷預(yù)防訓(xùn)練體系的安排原則主要通過單個(gè)訓(xùn)練動作的負(fù)荷安排體現(xiàn)的,主要表現(xiàn)為由易到難、由靜態(tài)到動態(tài)、由穩(wěn)定到不穩(wěn)定,通過延長支撐時(shí)間、增加行進(jìn)距離、增加外界阻力和增加動作的不穩(wěn)定性不平衡性來實(shí)現(xiàn)整體的負(fù)荷控制。
[Abstract]:As a new training concept, the application value of body function training (Physical Functional Training) in competitive sports has been recognized and valued day by day. On the basis of screening (FMS) for athletes' functional movements, it is scientifically and reasonably analyzed and diagnosed. Timely discovery of weak links in athletes, purposeful, targeted and individualized training can effectively improve athletes' bad and wrong movement patterns, improve their own stability, flexibility and balance, In order to optimize the transmission of the body's power chain and improve the athletes' competitive performance ability, the aim of excavating the sports potential, prolonging the sports life and preventing the sports injury can be achieved. Sports injury has been one of the problems restricting the sustainable development of competitive sports in colleges and universities in China. Mathematical statistics and comparative analysis were used to analyze and sort out the methods of physical function injury prevention training of the long jump training team of Wuhan Institute of physical Education. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the average (FMS) of the long jump athletes before training is 13.57, and the average FMS score is 15.71, which is 2.14 points higher than that before training; The average FMS score after training was 17.14, which was 1.43 points higher than that measured in training, and 3.57 points higher than that before training. It shows that the basic sports function of the long jumpers has been effectively improved, and the mistakes and bad movement patterns have been positively improved. (2) before training, the average value of 30-meter acceleration run was 3.82 seconds, the average of standing three-level jump was 7.59 meters, and the average value of in-situ lateral shot put was 7.63 meters. The average values of the three items were 3.76 seconds, 7.77 meters and 7.91 meters respectively, which were 0.06 seconds, 0.16 meters and 0.28 meters higher than those measured before training. The average values of the three items were 3.7 seconds, 7.89 meters and 8.25 meters, respectively, which were 0.06 seconds, 0.12 meters and 0.34 meters higher than the average values of training, and 0.12 seconds higher than those before training, respectively. 0.28 m and 0.62 m. (3) the activation of soft tissue in physical function injury prevention training mainly consisted of foam axis, massage stick, peanut ball and softball. The dynamic and static exercises designed by the muscle groups of the right and left sides around the front and back sides of the human body are mainly used in the exercise of trunk pillar strength, and the gluteal muscle activation mainly uses the elastic band to design the different stages of walking, and the cross walking exercise is the main exercise. Dynamic stretching is mainly composed of dynamic and dynamic movements of the whole muscle group, and the integration of the movement is based on the step walk, the pad walk and the cross walk exercise in different stages. Neural activation is mainly composed of treadle, single foot and cross jump in different stages. (4) the principle of training system for prevention of physical function injury is mainly embodied by the load arrangement of single training action, which mainly shows from easy to difficult. From static to dynamic, from stability to instability, the overall load control is realized by prolonging the support time, increasing the travel distance, increasing the external resistance and increasing the instability unbalance of the movement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R873;G823.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 何鳳鳴;郭立亞;;功能性動作篩查(FMS)在體育領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀[J];文體用品與科技;2017年13期

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