【摘要】：研究目的:兒童青少年時(shí)期是身體發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,其體格發(fā)育和營養(yǎng)狀況處于快速生長發(fā)育階段,而生長發(fā)育階段是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)變化過程,既具有階段性和連續(xù)性又存在發(fā)育速度上的不均衡性。因此,從動(dòng)態(tài)分析角度分析兒童青少年的體格發(fā)育和營養(yǎng)狀況變化趨勢,便于掌握兒童青少年體格發(fā)育和營養(yǎng)狀況變化特征。本研究對(duì)2013-2016年上海市7-18歲兒童青少年進(jìn)行連續(xù)4年的體格發(fā)育指標(biāo)測試,同時(shí)收集國內(nèi)外體格發(fā)育和營養(yǎng)狀況相關(guān)研究資料,旨在了解2013-2016年上海市兒童青少年體格發(fā)育和營養(yǎng)狀況的動(dòng)態(tài)變化趨勢和特征,為提高上海市兒童青少年健康水平提供參考依據(jù)的同時(shí),也為全國學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康狀況的發(fā)展提供借鑒。研究方法:本研究以2013-2016年上海市11所中小學(xué)7-18歲學(xué)生男、女生共9517名為研究對(duì)象,其中2013年2317名,2014年2400名,2015年2400名,2016年2400名。通過體質(zhì)測試法對(duì)研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行身高、體重和腰圍測試,數(shù)據(jù)真實(shí)可靠,符合質(zhì)量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。同時(shí),對(duì)2013-2016年上海市7-18歲學(xué)生身高、體重、BMI、腰圍、營養(yǎng)不良檢出率及超重肥胖檢出率的動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征進(jìn)行比較分析。研究結(jié)果:1)體格發(fā)育方面,隨著年份和年齡的增加,身高、體重、BMI及腰圍均呈上升趨勢。整體上看,2016年7-18歲男生身高、體重、BMI及腰圍均高于2013年男生,分別高出4.3cm、3.9kg、0.6kg/m2、2.6cm,且均存在高度顯著的差異(P0.001);2016年7-18女生身高、體重、BMI及腰圍均高于2013年女生,分別高出2.7cm、3.1kg、1.6kg/m2、1.7cm,均存在明顯差異(P0.01)�？傮w來看,2013-2016年7-18歲男女生身高和BMI發(fā)育水平分別高于WHO身高和BMI參考值。2)營養(yǎng)狀況方面,隨著年份推移,營養(yǎng)不良檢出率呈下降趨勢,超重肥胖檢出率表現(xiàn)出上升趨勢。2013-2016年7-18歲男生生營養(yǎng)不良檢出率分別10.7%、8.1%、10.2%、7.1%,女生分別是 8.5%、6.4%、8.6%、4.3%,2016 年男女生平均營養(yǎng)不良檢出率均明顯低于2013年,其中生長遲滯率分別下降0.2%、0.1%,消瘦檢出率分別下降3.4%、4.1%,P0.01,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。2016年7-18歲男生平均肥胖率明顯高于2013年(P0.05),由9.5%增加到12.8%,增加了 3.3%,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;2016年女生平均肥胖率明顯高于2013年(P0.01),由3.8%增加到7.3%,增加了 3.5%,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。3)從總體來看,2013-2016年上海市7-18歲兒童青少年身高、體重、BMI和腰圍增長速度表現(xiàn)為前快后慢,各指標(biāo)的增長水平和速度存在差異。整體上,2013-2016年上海市7-18歲男生身高、體重、BMI和腰圍生長發(fā)育高峰期提前;女生身高、體重和BMI長發(fā)育高峰期提前,腰圍生長發(fā)育高峰期向后推遲。無論男女,2013-2016年上海市7-18歲兒童青少年生長遲滯率整體接近于零,小學(xué)階段超重肥胖流行率較高。研究結(jié)論:1)隨著年份推移和年齡增長,2013-2016年上海市7-18歲兒童青少年的身高、體重、BMI和腰圍均表現(xiàn)出繼續(xù)增加趨勢;2)隨著年份推移,2013-2016年上海市7-18歲兒童青少年?duì)I養(yǎng)不良檢出率呈逐年下降趨勢,而超重肥胖檢出率仍保持上升趨勢;3)2013-2016年上海市7-18歲兒童青少年身高、體重、BMI和腰圍生長發(fā)育水平和高峰期存在差異。
[Abstract]:Objective: Children's adolescent period is the key period of body development, and its physical development and nutritional status are in the stage of rapid growth and development, while the development stage is a dynamic change process, which has both stage and continuity and uneven development speed. Therefore, the change trend of physical development and nutritional status of children and adolescents is analyzed from the dynamic analysis angle, which is easy to grasp the characteristics of physical development and nutritional status of young children. This study was conducted to test the physical development indexes of children aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016, and collected relevant research data of physical development and nutritional status at home and abroad, aiming at understanding the dynamic trends and characteristics of physical development and nutritional status of adolescents in Shanghai, 2013-2016. In order to improve the health level of children and adolescents in Shanghai, the author also provides reference for the development of national students' physical health status. Methods: There were 9517 male and female students aged 7-18 years old in 11 primary and secondary schools in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016, including 2317 in 2013, 2,400 in 2014, 2400 in 2015 and 2400 in 2016. The body height, weight and waist circumference of the subjects were tested by physique test. The data were authentic and reliable, and the quality control standards were met. At the same time, the dynamic characteristics of height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, malnutrition rate and overweight and obesity rate of students aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed. Results: 1) In terms of physical development, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference increased with the increase of year and age. Overall, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference of boys aged 7-18 years in 2016 were higher than that of boys in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference of boys were significantly higher than those in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. There were significant differences (P0.01). Overall, the height and BMI development level of men and women aged 7-18 years from 2013 to 2016 were higher than the WHO height and BMI reference. 2) In terms of nutritional status, malnutrition rates tended to decline over the years, The prevalence of overweight and obesity showed an upward trend. The prevalence of malnutrition among boys aged 7-18 years in 2013-2016 was 10. 7%, 8. 1%, 10.2%, 7. 1%, and female students were 8. 5%, 6. 4%, 8. 6%, 4. 3%, respectively. The average rate of malnutrition in boys and girls in 2016 was significantly lower than that in 2013. The rate of growth retardation decreased by 0.3%, 0.4%, P0.01, respectively. The average obesity rate of boys aged 7-18 years in 2016 was significantly higher than that in 2013 (P0.05). The average obesity rate of girls in 2016 was significantly higher than that in 2013 (P0.01), from 3. 8% to 7. 3%, increasing by 3.5%, with statistical significance. Overall, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference growth rate of children aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were slower than before. There is a difference in the growth level and speed of each indicator. Overall, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference growth peak height of male students aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were in advance; the height, weight and BMI of female students were advanced in advance, and the peak height of waist and development during the peak period was postponed. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 7-18 in Shanghai in 2013-2016 was close to zero, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school was higher. Research conclusions: 1) With the increase of year and age, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference of children aged 7-18 years old in Shanghai in 2013-2016 showed a tendency to continue to increase; 2) Over the years, the prevalence rate of malnutrition among children aged 7-18 years in Shanghai in 2013-2016 was decreasing year by year. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity remained rising; 3) The height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference growth and development level and peak height of adolescents aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were different.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G804.49

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本文編號(hào)：2266926