陜西省重點(diǎn)拳擊女子運(yùn)動(dòng)員冬訓(xùn)及賽前階段機(jī)能變化特點(diǎn)的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-12 12:40
【摘要】：目的:為了陜西女子拳擊隊(duì)重點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員備戰(zhàn)全國(guó)錦標(biāo)賽和第13屆全運(yùn)會(huì)比賽,提高科學(xué)化訓(xùn)練水平,提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成績(jī),針對(duì)陜西女子拳擊隊(duì)重點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行攻關(guān)與服務(wù),通過(guò)對(duì)其冬訓(xùn)和賽前進(jìn)行機(jī)能監(jiān)控,了解運(yùn)動(dòng)員在不同訓(xùn)練階段生理生化指標(biāo)的變化特點(diǎn)、機(jī)能變化特點(diǎn)和運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷的適應(yīng)情況,幫助教練員提高科學(xué)化訓(xùn)練水平,保證運(yùn)動(dòng)員健康,為運(yùn)動(dòng)員取得優(yōu)異的成績(jī)提供保障。方法:本文以陜西省6名優(yōu)秀女子運(yùn)動(dòng)員為研究對(duì)象,在冬訓(xùn)階段到賽前備戰(zhàn)期間(2015-12-1~2016-6-1),對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的訓(xùn)練情況、生理生化指標(biāo)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。測(cè)試內(nèi)容包括:身體形態(tài)(身高、體重、BMI、身體成分)、機(jī)能及素質(zhì)(有氧代謝能力、無(wú)氧代謝能力、肺功和反應(yīng)時(shí))、生化指標(biāo)(BLa、T、C、CK、BUN、血常規(guī)、尿十項(xiàng))。測(cè)試的時(shí)間分別為冬訓(xùn)前、冬訓(xùn)期間、比賽前(一共3次)。用SPSS統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),采用配對(duì)樣本t檢驗(yàn),以P0.05為顯著性水平。結(jié)果:1)身體成分:冬訓(xùn)期間與冬訓(xùn)前比較,體重具有非常顯著性的下降(P0.01),肌肉含量具明顯的上升(P0.05);比賽前與冬訓(xùn)前的體重比較具有顯著性的下降(P0.05);肌肉含量具有非常顯著性(P0.01);比賽前與冬訓(xùn)期間比較,體重、BMI顯著性下降(P0.05)。重點(diǎn)隊(duì)員劉**的體重下降,BMI下降,瘦體重升高。2)比賽前反應(yīng)時(shí)比冬訓(xùn)期間具有顯著性下降(P0.05);比賽前肺功的一秒率%冬訓(xùn)期間比較,有非常顯著性上升(P0.01)。重點(diǎn)隊(duì)員劉**反應(yīng)時(shí)變慢,一秒率%上升。3)整體上無(wú)氧功率沒(méi)有顯著性變化,重點(diǎn)隊(duì)員劉**無(wú)氧功率中的最大功率、平均功率變化不大、轉(zhuǎn)速變快。4)整體上最大攝氧量沒(méi)有顯著性變化,比賽前與冬訓(xùn)期間,AT-VO2絕對(duì)值(ml/min)具有顯著性的下降(P0.05);AT-VO2相對(duì)值(ml/min/kg)具有非常顯著性的上升(P0.01)。重點(diǎn)隊(duì)員劉**的最大攝氧量比賽前與冬訓(xùn)期間比較穩(wěn)定。5)生化指標(biāo):整體上的生化指標(biāo)沒(méi)有顯著性變化,重點(diǎn)隊(duì)員劉**的T(睪酮),正常值參考范圍(8.4-48ng/dl)數(shù)據(jù)降低,尿蛋白質(zhì)數(shù)值變化較高。結(jié)論:1)總體上運(yùn)動(dòng)員控體重比較理想。重點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員在賽前如期降到預(yù)期比賽目標(biāo)體重,最大限度地保存了瘦體重(或者說(shuō)瘦體重有所提高),保持了良好地體能。2)總體上運(yùn)動(dòng)員的反應(yīng)時(shí)有顯著性提高,反映出拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)員的專項(xiàng)動(dòng)作速度有所提升。第一秒呼氣率顯著性提高反映了肺功能有所提高。3)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的有氧代謝能力和無(wú)氧代謝能力在降體重期間,沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)顯著性下降,反映出運(yùn)動(dòng)員在降體重的前提下,機(jī)體供能能力得到最大程度的保存。4)總體上運(yùn)動(dòng)員生化指標(biāo)沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)顯著性變化,說(shuō)明運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)訓(xùn)練負(fù)荷適應(yīng)較好,沒(méi)有造成過(guò)度疲勞和損傷。重點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員通過(guò)生化監(jiān)控及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)其在降體重期間出現(xiàn)的低血睪酮癥,通過(guò)補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)、調(diào)整訓(xùn)練負(fù)荷,及時(shí)調(diào)整了運(yùn)動(dòng)員狀態(tài),為其取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)起到保障作用。
[Abstract]:Objective: in order to improve the scientific training level and improve the performance of the key athletes of Shaanxi Women Boxing team in preparation for the National Championships and the 13th National Games, the key athletes of Shaanxi Women Boxing team can tackle the key problems and serve them. Through monitoring the function of the athletes during winter training and before the competition, we can understand the changing characteristics of physiological and biochemical indexes, the characteristics of function changes and the adaptation of sports load in different training stages, so as to help coaches improve the level of scientific training. To ensure the health of the athletes, for athletes to achieve excellent results to provide protection. Methods: six elite female athletes from Shaanxi Province were studied. During the period of winter training to pre-competition preparation (2015-12-1 / 2016-1), the training situation, physiological and biochemical indexes of the athletes were monitored. The tests included: body shape (height, weight, BMI, body composition), function and quality (aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism, lung function and reaction time), biochemical indicators (BLa,T,C,CK,BUN, blood routine, urine 10). Test time is before winter training, during winter training, before the game (a total of three times). SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data, and the paired sample t-test was used, with P0.05 as the significant level. Results: 1) body composition: compared with that before winter training, Weight has a very significant decline (P0.01), muscle content has a significant increase (P0.05); before the competition and the weight before winter training has a significant decrease (P0.05); muscle content has a very significant (P0.01); before the competition with winter training, weight, BMI significantly decreased (P0.05). The weight loss, BMI loss and lean weight gain of key player Liu * were significantly lower than that during winter training (P0.05), and the second rate of lung work before competition was significantly higher than that during winter training (P0.01). Key team member Liu * reacted slowly and slowly, and the rate of one second increased by%. 3) there was no significant change in the total anaerobic power, but the maximum power in the anaerobic power of key player Liu * did not change significantly, but the average power did not change much. AT-VO2 absolute value (ml/min) decreased significantly (P0.05) and AT-VO2 relative value (ml/min/kg) increased significantly (P0.01). The maximal oxygen uptake of key player Liu * was relatively stable before the competition and during winter training. 5) biochemical indexes: there was no significant change in the biochemical indexes as a whole, and the T (testosterone) and normal reference range (8.4-48ng/dl) data of key member Liu * decreased. The change of urine protein value was higher. Conclusion: 1) it is ideal for athletes to control body weight on the whole. The key athletes reduced to the expected target weight as scheduled before the competition, preserved the lean weight to the maximum extent (or increased the lean weight), and maintained good physical strength. 2) overall, the athletes' reaction time increased significantly. Reflects the boxer's special movement speed has improved. The significant increase of expiratory rate in the first second reflected the improvement of pulmonary function. 3) the aerobic and anaerobic metabolic capacity of athletes did not decrease significantly during the period of weight loss, which reflected that the athletes were on the premise of weight loss. On the whole, there was no significant change in biochemical index of athletes, which indicated that athletes adapt to training load better, and did not cause excessive fatigue and injury. Key athletes through biochemical monitoring timely found their low blood testosterone in the period of weight loss, through supplementary nutrition, adjust the training load, timely adjust the state of athletes, play a role in ensuring their excellent results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G886.1
本文編號(hào)：2266143
[Abstract]:Objective: in order to improve the scientific training level and improve the performance of the key athletes of Shaanxi Women Boxing team in preparation for the National Championships and the 13th National Games, the key athletes of Shaanxi Women Boxing team can tackle the key problems and serve them. Through monitoring the function of the athletes during winter training and before the competition, we can understand the changing characteristics of physiological and biochemical indexes, the characteristics of function changes and the adaptation of sports load in different training stages, so as to help coaches improve the level of scientific training. To ensure the health of the athletes, for athletes to achieve excellent results to provide protection. Methods: six elite female athletes from Shaanxi Province were studied. During the period of winter training to pre-competition preparation (2015-12-1 / 2016-1), the training situation, physiological and biochemical indexes of the athletes were monitored. The tests included: body shape (height, weight, BMI, body composition), function and quality (aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism, lung function and reaction time), biochemical indicators (BLa,T,C,CK,BUN, blood routine, urine 10). Test time is before winter training, during winter training, before the game (a total of three times). SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data, and the paired sample t-test was used, with P0.05 as the significant level. Results: 1) body composition: compared with that before winter training, Weight has a very significant decline (P0.01), muscle content has a significant increase (P0.05); before the competition and the weight before winter training has a significant decrease (P0.05); muscle content has a very significant (P0.01); before the competition with winter training, weight, BMI significantly decreased (P0.05). The weight loss, BMI loss and lean weight gain of key player Liu * were significantly lower than that during winter training (P0.05), and the second rate of lung work before competition was significantly higher than that during winter training (P0.01). Key team member Liu * reacted slowly and slowly, and the rate of one second increased by%. 3) there was no significant change in the total anaerobic power, but the maximum power in the anaerobic power of key player Liu * did not change significantly, but the average power did not change much. AT-VO2 absolute value (ml/min) decreased significantly (P0.05) and AT-VO2 relative value (ml/min/kg) increased significantly (P0.01). The maximal oxygen uptake of key player Liu * was relatively stable before the competition and during winter training. 5) biochemical indexes: there was no significant change in the biochemical indexes as a whole, and the T (testosterone) and normal reference range (8.4-48ng/dl) data of key member Liu * decreased. The change of urine protein value was higher. Conclusion: 1) it is ideal for athletes to control body weight on the whole. The key athletes reduced to the expected target weight as scheduled before the competition, preserved the lean weight to the maximum extent (or increased the lean weight), and maintained good physical strength. 2) overall, the athletes' reaction time increased significantly. Reflects the boxer's special movement speed has improved. The significant increase of expiratory rate in the first second reflected the improvement of pulmonary function. 3) the aerobic and anaerobic metabolic capacity of athletes did not decrease significantly during the period of weight loss, which reflected that the athletes were on the premise of weight loss. On the whole, there was no significant change in biochemical index of athletes, which indicated that athletes adapt to training load better, and did not cause excessive fatigue and injury. Key athletes through biochemical monitoring timely found their low blood testosterone in the period of weight loss, through supplementary nutrition, adjust the training load, timely adjust the state of athletes, play a role in ensuring their excellent results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G886.1
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