【摘要】：日本劍道、中國(guó)劍術(shù)都是東方傳統(tǒng)文化的代表,都是根植于兩國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化基礎(chǔ)上逐漸發(fā)展起來(lái)的傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目。隨著全球化的不斷深入,日本劍道與中國(guó)劍術(shù)皆面臨著文化全球化的沖擊與影響,但發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀迥異,日本劍道在新時(shí)期成功轉(zhuǎn)型,而中國(guó)劍術(shù)的發(fā)展處于相對(duì)遲緩時(shí)期,對(duì)于中國(guó)劍術(shù)而言日本劍道的流變經(jīng)驗(yàn)是值得思考的。本研究采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、專家訪談法與邏輯分析法等研究方法,通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料的收集、梳理及分析,從古代、近代及三個(gè)不同的歷史階段系統(tǒng)梳理日本劍道的流變歷史,闡述不同階段日本劍道流變的特點(diǎn);在此基礎(chǔ)上,立足中國(guó)劍術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀,在總結(jié)與反思日本劍道流變經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,探討其對(duì)中國(guó)劍術(shù)發(fā)展的啟示,推動(dòng)中國(guó)劍術(shù)在新時(shí)期更好的傳承與發(fā)展,為其它傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展也有一定的參考價(jià)值。通過(guò)研究,得到如下幾方面結(jié)論:1、在古代,劍道是隨著社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生的,隨著社會(huì)、軍事戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的需要及武士社會(huì)的產(chǎn)生而不斷發(fā)展,隨著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā)、平息等劍道不斷進(jìn)行改進(jìn);竹刀與護(hù)具的出現(xiàn),官民并舉的教育模式促進(jìn)了劍道的普及,劍道的文化功能日益凸顯。2、在近代,擊劍會(huì)演出推動(dòng)著劍道開(kāi)始從“生死之術(shù)”轉(zhuǎn)向“生計(jì)之術(shù)”,擊劍、柔術(shù)等的發(fā)展推動(dòng)著劍道從“實(shí)用之術(shù)”發(fā)展為“體育之術(shù)”;武德會(huì)制定的“柔術(shù)形”、“劍術(shù)形’,實(shí)現(xiàn)了劍道技術(shù)上的轉(zhuǎn)型,而體操教授要目中接受劍道的內(nèi)容,官方正式確認(rèn)“劍道”這一概念,標(biāo)志著日本劍道完成了“從術(shù)至道”的轉(zhuǎn)變。3、在現(xiàn)代,二戰(zhàn)后日本政府淡化劍道的軍事功能,發(fā)掘劍道的教育價(jià)值,推動(dòng)劍道的體育化發(fā)展;經(jīng)濟(jì)泡沫、西方體育文化的沖擊導(dǎo)致劍道發(fā)展一度衰落,“金牌至上”的思想導(dǎo)致劍道發(fā)展脫離了教育本質(zhì)。但日本政府及民間團(tuán)體不遺余力推動(dòng)劍道發(fā)展,在堅(jiān)守民族性的基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新,雖然發(fā)展遇到困難但仍保持了其獨(dú)特的魅力。4、對(duì)于中國(guó)劍術(shù)而言,要順應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展需求、順應(yīng)大眾對(duì)劍術(shù)練習(xí)的技擊要求,加大對(duì)劍術(shù)教學(xué)的改革,要改變以往劍術(shù)教學(xué)重形式、輕技擊的不足,研究加入兩兩對(duì)抗性劍術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng);同時(shí),要通過(guò)塑造文化、精神層面的內(nèi)涵來(lái)塑造中國(guó)劍術(shù)的“靈魂”,通過(guò)普及教育促進(jìn)劍術(shù)這一傳統(tǒng)體育形式與當(dāng)今社會(huì)接軌。5、劍術(shù)發(fā)展要打練結(jié)合形成完整體系,凸顯劍術(shù)“技擊”的本質(zhì);要完善自己的形式與禮節(jié),借助劍術(shù)禮儀來(lái)發(fā)揮其育人價(jià)值,讓學(xué)生學(xué)到劍術(shù)之外終身受益的精神文化;此外要以提升人的修養(yǎng)為目標(biāo),打造成培養(yǎng)人全面發(fā)展的有效途徑。
[Abstract]:Japanese kendo, Chinese fencing is the representative of oriental traditional culture, is rooted in the traditional culture of the two countries on the basis of the gradual development of traditional sports. With the deepening of globalization, both Japanese kendo and Chinese fencing are facing the impact and influence of cultural globalization, but the present situation is very different. The Japanese kendo has successfully transformed in the new period, while the development of Chinese fencing is relatively slow. For Chinese fencing, it is worth thinking about the changing experience of Japanese kendo. This study adopts the methods of literature, expert interview and logic analysis, through the collection, combing and analysis of domestic and foreign literature, from ancient times, Modern times and three different historical stages systematically combing the evolution history of Japanese kendo, expounding the characteristics of Japanese kendo rheology in different stages, on this basis, based on the current situation of Chinese fencing, on the basis of summing up and reflecting on the Japanese kendo rheological experience. This paper probes into its enlightenment to the development of Chinese swordsmanship, and promotes the better inheritance and development of Chinese swordsmanship in the new period, which also has certain reference value for the development of other traditional sports. In ancient times, Kendo was produced with the development of social productive forces, with the development of society, with the need of military war and with the emergence of samurai society, with the outbreak of war. With the emergence of bamboo knives and protective gear, the education model of government and people promoted the popularization of kendo, and the cultural function of kendo became more and more prominent. In modern times, Fencing performances helped to change the kendo from "the art of life and death" to "the art of livelihood". The development of fencing and judo promoted the development of kendo from "practical art" to "sports skill". The technical transformation of kendo has been achieved, and gymnastics professors have accepted the content of kendo in their eyes, and the official recognition of the concept of "kendo" marks the completion of the transformation of Japanese kendo from skill to Taoism, which is in modern times. After World War II, the Japanese government downplayed the military function of kendo, excavated the educational value of kendo, and promoted the sports development of kendo, and the economic bubble and the impact of western sports culture led to the decline of the development of kendo. The thought of "gold medal first" led to the development of kendo divorced from the essence of education. However, the Japanese government and civil society have spared no effort to promote the development of kendo and strengthen innovation on the basis of adhering to the national character. Although the development has encountered difficulties, it has maintained its unique charm. For Chinese fencing, it is necessary to adapt to the development needs of the times. In order to meet the demands of the public on fencing practice, and to reform the teaching of fencing, we should change the previous form of fencing teaching and neglect the shortcomings of fencing, study and join the pairwise adversarial fencing movement, and at the same time, we should create a culture. The connotation of spiritual level to shape the "soul" of Chinese swordsmanship, through the popularization of education to promote swordsmanship as a traditional form of sports with the current society. 5, the development of swordsmanship should be combined to form a complete system, highlighting the essence of fencing "fighting"; We should perfect our own form and etiquette, bring into play its educational value with the help of fencing etiquette, and let students learn the spiritual culture of lifelong benefit beyond fencing; in addition, we should aim at improving people's accomplishment and make it an effective way to train people to develop in an all-round way.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G853.13

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