【摘要】：拔河游戲在東亞水稻文化圈廣為流行,旨在祈愿農(nóng)業(yè)豐收,促進(jìn)共同體成員間的和諧和團(tuán)結(jié)。拔河一般分為兩隊,雙方向相反方向拉繩子。共同體成員希望通過拔河游戲,尋求社會的團(tuán)結(jié)和相互的支援。其本質(zhì)并不在追求勝負(fù),而在于共同體的豐饒和平安。拔河游戲雖然廣泛分布于亞洲、美洲、非洲、歐洲等地,但其集中分布區(qū)域為亞洲。即,主要分布在中國、韓國、日本、印度尼西亞、老撾、柬埔寨、緬甸、泰國、中國臺灣等主要國家和地區(qū)。日本早于1950年制定了《文化財保護(hù)法》,日本傳統(tǒng)拔河游戲成為國家指定、國家選定等文化財,受到各方面保護(hù)。2015年12月,韓國聯(lián)合柬埔寨、菲律賓、越南經(jīng)過數(shù)年努力,使得拔河入選人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表名錄。拔河的成功“申遺”在我國引起廣泛討論,中國對非物質(zhì)文化關(guān)注度也越來越高。本論文旨在分析中、日、韓三國的拔河游戲。通過對東北亞地區(qū)的拔河游戲的研究,分析各國（地區(qū)）拔河游戲的共同性和獨特性,從而找到我國拔河游戲存在的問題。拔河游戲是農(nóng)耕禮儀的一環(huán),也是東亞地區(qū)共同的遺產(chǎn)。由于各國（地區(qū)）的文化、氣候、環(huán)境不同,其拔河也具備各自的特點。本論文將運用兩種研究方法。第一,實地調(diào)查和資料分析;第二,運用比較民俗學(xué)的分析方法,找出各國（地區(qū)）拔河游戲的共同點和不同點。通過以上研究方法得出如下結(jié)論:第一,中國的拔河拔河起源于古代的一種叫“水戰(zhàn)”的軍事訓(xùn)練方法。其傳到民間后,逐漸發(fā)展成為祈愿村落太平的游戲,之后與農(nóng)業(yè)相結(jié)合,具備了宗教意義。早在中國隋唐時期,拔河在民間就具有了消災(zāi)除惡、占卜豐年的意義。通過分析比較東北亞各國（地區(qū)）的拔河游戲的歷史起源、繩的形態(tài)、地域分布、意義等,能發(fā)現(xiàn)各國（地區(qū)）拔河游戲有很多共同性和多樣性。第二,拔河游戲的起源說法有很多種,其中“中國起源說”更為恰當(dāng)。中國傳統(tǒng)拔河游戲雖具有悠久的歷史,但是現(xiàn)今已經(jīng)衰退。反而韓國的拔河游戲成為了在亞洲地區(qū)具有代表性的拔河游戲。第三,尋找并整理中國拔河游戲存在的問題和衰退的原因,為中國拔河的再度興起提供一些幫助。第四,隨著拔河游戲載入人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表名錄,預(yù)計我國政府也會對拔河發(fā)展提供更多的政策支持和幫助。隨著我國對非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的關(guān)注不斷增高,我國傳統(tǒng)拔河游戲具有再次盛行的可能性。盡管,我國西式拔河較為普及,有較好的群眾基礎(chǔ),我國政府和民間也要共同努力,關(guān)注傳統(tǒng)拔河的普及和發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Tug of war is a popular game in the rice culture circle of East Asia, which aims to pray for a good harvest of agriculture and promote harmony and unity among the members of the community. Tug of war is generally divided into two teams, two directions in the opposite direction of the rope. Members of the Community hope to seek social solidarity and mutual support through tug-of-war. Its essence is not in the pursuit of victory or defeat, but in the community of abundance and peace. Tug-of-war games are widely distributed in Asia, America, Africa, Europe and so on, but they are concentrated in Asia. That is, mainly distributed in China, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Taiwan and other major countries and regions. As early as 1950, Japan enacted the Law on the Protection of Cultural property. Traditional tug-of-war games in Japan became national designated, state-selected and other cultural assets, protected by various aspects. In December 2015, South Korea, together with Cambodia, the Philippines, and Vietnam, made efforts for several years. Make tug of war selected as the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage. The success of tug of war has aroused extensive discussion in China, and China has paid more and more attention to immaterial culture. This thesis aims to analyze the tug-of-war games in China, Japan and Korea. Based on the study of tug-of-war in Northeast Asia, this paper analyzes the commonality and uniqueness of tug-of-war games in various countries (regions), and finds out the problems existing in tug-of-war games in China. Tug of war is a part of farming etiquette and a common heritage in East Asia. Because the culture, climate and environment of each country (region) are different, its tug of war also has its own characteristics. This paper will use two research methods. First, field investigation and data analysis; second, using comparative folklore analysis method to find out the common points and differences of tug-of-war games in different countries (regions). The conclusions are as follows: first, tug-of-war in China originated from an ancient military training method called "water warfare". After its spread to the people, it gradually developed into a game of praying for peace in villages, and then combined with agriculture, with religious significance. As early as the Sui and Tang dynasties in China, tug-of-war in the folk has the significance of eliminating disasters and eliminating evil, divination. By analyzing and comparing the historical origin, the form of rope, the regional distribution and the significance of tug-of-war games in Northeast Asia, we can find that there are many commonalities and diversity in tug-of-war games in different countries (regions). Secondly, the origin of tug of war is more appropriate. Although Chinese traditional tug-of-war games have a long history, they are now declining. Instead, Korea's tug of war has become a representative of the Asian region of the tug of war. Third, to find and sort out the problems and causes of the decline of tug-of-war in China, to provide some help for the resurgence of tug-of-war in China. Fourth, with the tug-of-war game included in the list of representatives of human intangible cultural heritage, it is expected that our government will also provide more policy support and help to the development of tug-of-war. With the increasing attention to intangible cultural heritage in China, the traditional tug-of-war games are likely to prevail again. Although the Western-style tug of war is popular and has a good mass foundation, our government and people should make joint efforts to pay attention to the popularization and development of the traditional tug-of-war.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G898.1

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