【摘要】：本研究以張繼科、馬龍兩位世界優(yōu)秀乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在賽璐珞球與塑料球的比比賽中技戰(zhàn)術(shù)運(yùn)用情況為研究對象,采用文獻(xiàn)資料、錄像統(tǒng)計(jì)及三段指標(biāo)評估法等研究方法,從技術(shù)、落點(diǎn)及戰(zhàn)術(shù)組合燈方面著手,以實(shí)行塑料球前后的比賽的技戰(zhàn)術(shù)發(fā)展特征進(jìn)行比較分析,評價(jià)塑料球的使用對個(gè)人技戰(zhàn)術(shù)產(chǎn)生的影響。得出如下結(jié)論:(1)張繼科在發(fā)搶段,發(fā)球效果降低。第三板被攻次數(shù)增多,且近網(wǎng)落點(diǎn)的使用增多,底線落點(diǎn)減少。張繼科在第三板更多的運(yùn)用反手撕技術(shù),且得分率上升。在一、三戰(zhàn)術(shù)組合中,發(fā)搶減少,發(fā)防增多。(2)張繼科在接搶段,接發(fā)球臺(tái)內(nèi)擰技術(shù)優(yōu)勢大大增加,在落點(diǎn)方面,底線球的運(yùn)用減少。在第四板技術(shù)使用中搶攻頻率更高,在落點(diǎn)方面,近網(wǎng)落點(diǎn)的使用增多,底線落點(diǎn)減少,反手底線運(yùn)用增多。在二、四板戰(zhàn)術(shù)組合中,更多的使用控制后進(jìn)攻。(3)張繼科在相持段,第五板的搶攻對手的次數(shù)更多,進(jìn)攻效果減弱。在三、五板戰(zhàn)術(shù)組合中,張繼科主要使用連續(xù)進(jìn)攻和控制后進(jìn)攻,但張繼科在塑料球的進(jìn)攻效果要差于賽璐珞球。(4)馬龍?jiān)诎l(fā)搶段,總體發(fā)球效果低,落點(diǎn)變化變多。在第三板技術(shù)使用中,馬龍的正手、側(cè)身拉攻搶攻得分率上升,且變化增多;在一、三板戰(zhàn)術(shù)組合中,馬龍塑料球相比于賽璐珞球發(fā)搶減少,發(fā)控增多,發(fā)防增多。(5)馬龍?jiān)诮訐尪?在接發(fā)球反手?jǐn)Q使用率上升,得分率上升,正手底線落點(diǎn)使用率下降,反手底線落點(diǎn)使用率上升。在第四板技術(shù)使用中,馬龍?jiān)谡謸尮ナ褂寐实梅致噬仙?但反手進(jìn)攻的使用和效果降低,增加了底線落點(diǎn)的變化。在二、四板戰(zhàn)術(shù)組合中,馬龍無論在塑料球還是賽璐珞球都以控制后進(jìn)攻為主。(6)馬龍?jiān)谙喑侄?在第五板技術(shù)運(yùn)用中,在進(jìn)攻手段豐富,側(cè)重于側(cè)身拉攻;在落點(diǎn)方面,底線落點(diǎn)的運(yùn)用效果降低,塑料球的改變一定程度上削弱了馬龍的相持能力。在三、五板戰(zhàn)術(shù)組合中,馬龍連續(xù)進(jìn)攻減少,更多的是控制后進(jìn)攻。
[Abstract]:This study took Zhang Jike and Ma Long as the objects of study on the application of techniques and tactics in the match between celluloid ball and plastic ball, and used the methods of literature, video statistics and three-stage index evaluation, etc. From the aspects of technology, landing point and tactical combination lamp, the development characteristics of technology and tactics before and after the implementation of plastic ball were compared and analyzed, and the influence of the use of plastic ball on individual technique and tactics was evaluated. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Zhang Jike is in the serve section, the serve effect is reduced. The number of attacks on the third board increased, and the use of near-net landing point increased, the bottom-line drop point decreased. Zhang Jike in the third board more use of backhand avulsion technology, and scoring rate rose. In the first and third tactical combinations, the number of shots is reduced, and the defense is increased. (2) Zhang Jike has greatly increased the technical advantages of twisting in the receiving platform and reduced the use of the baseline ball in the landing point. In the use of the fourth board technology, the frequency of attack is higher. In the aspect of landing point, the use of near net drop point increases, the bottom line drop point decreases, and the use of backhand bottom line increases. In the second and fourth board tactical combination, more use of control after the attack. (3) Zhang Jike in the holding section, the fifth board more times to attack the opponent, the attack effect weakened. In the combination of three and five board tactics, Zhang Jike mainly used continuous attack and controlled attack, but Zhang Jike's attacking effect in plastic ball was worse than that in celluloid ball. (4) in the section of Ma Long, the overall serve effect was low, and the drop point changed more. In the use of the third board technique, the forehand, side pull attack and grabbing score of Ma Long increased and the change increased. In the first and third board tactical combination, the Ma Long plastic ball was less than celluloid ball, and the firing control increased. (5) the usage rate of Ma Long is increasing in the grabbing section, the usage rate of backhand in receiving serve is increasing, the score rate is rising, the utilization rate of forehand bottom line is decreasing, and the utilization rate of backhand bottom line is increasing. In the use of the fourth board technique, the score rate of Ma Long in forehand preemptive attack increased, but the use and effect of backhand attack decreased, which increased the change of baseline landing point. In the second and fourth board tactical combination, Ma Long is mainly controlled attack in plastic ball or celluloid ball. (6) Ma Long is in the holding section, in the fifth board technology application, in the attack means is rich, focusing on the side pull attack; in the landing point, The application effect of the bottom line drop point is reduced, and the change of the plastic ball weakens the ability of Ma Long to hold each other. In the three-and-five-board tactical combination, the Ma Long continued to attack less, more after the control of the attack.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G846

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