【摘要】：足球作為世界第一運(yùn)動(dòng)因其獨(dú)特的魅力受到我國(guó)人民群眾的廣泛關(guān)注與支持。中國(guó)幾代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都表達(dá)了對(duì)中國(guó)足球的重視,特別是習(xí)近平主席提到中國(guó)足球的“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”。2015年3月《中國(guó)足球改革發(fā)展總體方案》出臺(tái),2015年6月,中國(guó)足球改革領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組成立,中國(guó)競(jìng)技足球運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展和職業(yè)化改革迎來(lái)了歷史性的機(jī)遇。在這種背景下,本文以歐洲足球球員轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)制度和中國(guó)足球球員轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)制度為研究對(duì)象,得出如下結(jié)論：1.“博斯曼法案”前,歐洲足球球員實(shí)行保留轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)制度,該制度的核心是俱樂(lè)部完全擁有球員的所有權(quán),球員不得隨意流動(dòng)；其實(shí)質(zhì)是俱樂(lè)部與球員的一種人身依附關(guān)系。2.長(zhǎng)達(dá)六年的“博斯曼法案”對(duì)歐洲足壇乃至世界足壇有著重大影響,這種影響主要表現(xiàn)在職業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)被納入了經(jīng)濟(jì)和法治的范疇。足球運(yùn)動(dòng)作為一種經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)不能阻礙歐盟自由貿(mào)易的基本準(zhǔn)則。與此同時(shí),博斯曼法案使得歐洲各國(guó)開(kāi)始普遍關(guān)注法律對(duì)足球特殊性的影響,如歐盟與歐足聯(lián)、國(guó)際足聯(lián)頒布了一系列條款予以應(yīng)對(duì),歐洲各大聯(lián)賽主要在非歐盟球員限制和俱樂(lè)部成本上升兩個(gè)方面采取應(yīng)對(duì)措施�！安┧孤ò浮睂�(duì)世界職業(yè)足球發(fā)展的影響是是革命性的,這種革命性的意義同樣在于將職業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)納入了經(jīng)濟(jì)和法治的范疇。從職業(yè)體育特殊性考慮,該法案對(duì)競(jìng)技足球運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展也有不利的方面,如俱樂(lè)部經(jīng)營(yíng)模式的轉(zhuǎn)變,球員薪酬劇增,俱樂(lè)部經(jīng)營(yíng)壓力過(guò)大,經(jīng)紀(jì)人對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)市場(chǎng)的操控。3.中國(guó)足球職業(yè)化改革以來(lái)經(jīng)歷了初嘗期、摘牌制、雙軌制、自由轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)完善期等階段。以行政化為主導(dǎo)的市場(chǎng)化改革雖有成功之處仍然存在諸多不足。在上述結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出的建議如下：1.應(yīng)抓住大好機(jī)遇,按照《中國(guó)足球改革發(fā)展總體方案》的具體要求,扎實(shí)推進(jìn)中國(guó)足球職業(yè)化改革,在中國(guó)足球改革發(fā)展領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組的帶領(lǐng)下,盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)“政社分離,管辦分離”,改進(jìn)足球競(jìng)賽體系和職業(yè)聯(lián)賽體制。2.未來(lái)中國(guó)職業(yè)足球轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)制度應(yīng)該遵循經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律,保障市場(chǎng)在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)性作用,足球管理機(jī)構(gòu)必須轉(zhuǎn)變管理職能,把為足球市場(chǎng)主體服務(wù),并為其創(chuàng)造健康而穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展環(huán)境作為根本任務(wù)。3.未來(lái)中國(guó)職業(yè)足球轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)制度要將法制與法治相結(jié)合,法制方面建立健全相關(guān)的法律規(guī)章制度,明確各方主體的權(quán)利邊界。法治方面建立以中國(guó)足協(xié)、足球俱樂(lè)部、球員代表組成的足球聯(lián)盟或仲裁委員會(huì),兼顧足球發(fā)展的特殊性,使各方利益都有所保障。
[Abstract]:Football, as the first sport in the world, is widely concerned and supported by the masses of our country because of its unique charm. Several generations of Chinese leaders have expressed the importance they attach to Chinese football, especially President Xi Jinping's reference to the "Chinese Dream" of Chinese football. In March 2015, the General Plan for the Reform and Development of Chinese Football was launched, and in June 2015, With the establishment of the leading Group for the Reform of Chinese Football, the development and professionalization of Chinese competitive football has ushered in a historic opportunity. In this context, this paper studies the transfer system of European football players and Chinese football players, and draws the following conclusion: 1. Before the Bosman Act, European football players had a reserve transfer system, the core of which was that the club had full ownership of the players and the players were not allowed to move freely; its essence was a kind of personal attachment between the club and the players. The Bosman Act, which has lasted for six years, has a great influence on European football and even the world football, which is mainly reflected in the fact that professional football is brought into the category of economy and rule of law. Football, as an economic activity, cannot hinder the basic principles of free trade in the EU. At the same time, the Bosman Act has made European countries pay more and more attention to the influence of the law on the particularity of football. For example, the European Union and UEFA have issued a series of provisions to deal with it. Major leagues in Europe mainly in non-EU player restrictions and club costs to take two aspects of the response. The impact of the Bosman Act on the development of professional football in the world is revolutionary, and the revolutionary significance is that professional football is brought into the category of economy and rule of law. Considering the particularity of professional sports, the Act also has some disadvantages to the development of competitive football, such as the change of club management mode, the sharp increase of player's salary, the excessive pressure of club management, and the agent's manipulation of the transfer market. Since the reform of football professionalization in China, it has gone through the initial stage, delisting system, double track system, free transfer perfect period and so on. There are still many shortcomings in the market-oriented reform, which is led by administration. On the basis of the above conclusions, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: 1. We should seize the excellent opportunity and, in accordance with the specific requirements of the "General Plan for the Reform and Development of Chinese Football", firmly promote the reform of the professionalization of Chinese football and, under the leadership of the leading Group for the Reform and Development of China's Football, realize as soon as possible the "separation of government and society." Separate management ", improve the football competition system and professional league system. 2. In the future, China's professional football transfer system should follow the economic rules and guarantee the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of resources. The football management body must change its management function and serve the main body of the football market. And to create a healthy and stable development environment as the fundamental task. In the future, the transfer system of professional football in China should combine the legal system with the rule of law, establish and perfect the relevant laws and regulations in the legal system, and make clear the rights boundary of the parties. In the aspect of rule of law, a football league or an arbitration committee composed of representatives of the Chinese Football Association, football clubs and players is established, which takes into account the particularity of the development of football and ensures the interests of all sides.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：G843

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