本文選題：膝關(guān)節(jié)損傷 + 生物力學(xué)特征　； 參考：《北京體育大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究目的:了解跨步和跳步急停跳投對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)生物力學(xué)特征的影響。探究膝關(guān)節(jié)損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并提出預(yù)防措施等。為廣大籃球教練提供教學(xué)和改進(jìn)動(dòng)作的理論依據(jù)。也為籃球愛(ài)好者和后續(xù)研究的科研人員提供一些依據(jù)和參考。研究方法:受試者為8名年齡在20-25歲的北京體育大學(xué)本科男子籃球愛(ài)好者。采用Motion Systems紅外光點(diǎn)高速運(yùn)動(dòng)捕捉測(cè)試系統(tǒng)(200Hz),Kistler測(cè)力臺(tái)(1000Hz)同步采集運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù),采用單因素重復(fù)測(cè)量方差分析比較這兩種不同跳投動(dòng)作對(duì)籃球愛(ài)好者膝關(guān)節(jié)生物力學(xué)特征的差異以及用獨(dú)立樣本T檢驗(yàn)去比較同一跳投動(dòng)作兩個(gè)膝關(guān)節(jié)之間的差異。研究結(jié)果:跨步急停跳投在人體緩沖最大瞬間重心高度較低(p0.05)。跳步急停跳投垂直地面反作用力峰值較大(p0.05)。垂直地面反作用力峰值瞬間,跨步急停跳投前腳膝角對(duì)比后腳或跳步急停雙腳膝角來(lái)說(shuō)較小(p0.05),前腳外旋角較大(p0.05),前腳矢狀軸方向受力較大(p0.05),前腳伸膝和外旋力矩較大(p0.05)。此瞬間,跳步急停跳投雙膝垂直方向受力較大(p0.05)。研究結(jié)論:1.運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)特征為跨步急停跳投的重心低于跳步急停跳投。垂直地面反作用力峰值瞬間跨步急停跳投前腳膝角相比于后腳或者跳步急停跳投的雙腳來(lái)說(shuō)更小,而且在此時(shí)前腳的外旋角的角度較大。2.動(dòng)力學(xué)特征為跳步急停跳投垂直地面反作用力峰值大于跨步急停跳投。垂直體面反作用力峰值瞬間,跨步急停跳投的前腳在矢狀軸方向所受的力要大于同動(dòng)作的后腳,對(duì)比跳步急停跳投來(lái)說(shuō)也是如此。但跳步急停跳投的雙膝所受的垂直方向的力要明顯大于跨步急停跳投的�？绮郊蓖Ｌ对诖怪钡孛娣醋饔昧Ψ逯邓查g前腳所對(duì)應(yīng)的膝關(guān)節(jié)的伸膝和外旋力矩大于跳步急停跳投的。3.跨步急停跳投前腳緩沖最大瞬間由于膝關(guān)節(jié)角度過(guò)小以及更大的外旋角度,使內(nèi)外側(cè)副韌帶或半月板損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加大�？绮郊蓖Ｌ兜那澳_膝關(guān)節(jié)伸力較大,增加了前交叉韌帶損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。跳步急停跳投雙膝受到垂直方向力的峰值要大于跨步急停跳投,可能增大髕腱和前交叉韌帶的損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。跨步急停跳投在垂直地面反作用力峰值時(shí)刻的前腳膝關(guān)節(jié)伸膝和外旋力矩大于跳步急停跳投的,由于蹬伸和扭轉(zhuǎn)存在更大的損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the effects of stride and jump jumper on the biomechanical characteristics of knee joint. To explore the risk of knee joint injury and put forward preventive measures. For the majority of basketball coaches to provide teaching and improve the movement of the theoretical basis. Also for basketball lovers and follow-up research personnel to provide some basis and reference. Methods: eight male basketball enthusiasts aged 20-25 were enrolled in the study. The kinematics and dynamics data are collected synchronously by using Motion Systems infrared light point high-speed motion capture test system (200Hz) and Kistler dynamometer (1000Hz). Single factor repeated measurement variance analysis was used to compare the difference of the biomechanical characteristics of the knee joint between the two different jumper movements and the independent sample T test to compare the difference between the two knee joints of the same jumper motion. Results: the height of the center of gravity in the human body buffer was lower (p0.05). The peak value of vertical ground reaction force of jump shot is larger than that of jump shot (p0.05). At the peak moment of the vertical ground reaction, the angle of the front knee of the stride jumper is smaller than that of the rear foot or jump foot (p0.05), the external rotation angle of the forefoot is larger (p0.05), the sagittal axis of the front foot is larger (p0.05), and the outstretched knee and the external rotation moment of the front foot are larger (p0.05). At this moment, jump shot knee vertical force is greater (p0.05). Conclusion: 1. The kinematics characteristic is that the center of gravity of jump shot is lower than that of jump jumper. The angle of the front knee of the jump shot is smaller than that of the rear foot or the jump shot, and the angle of the outer rotation angle of the front foot is larger than that of the rear foot or the jump jumper shot, and the angle of the outer rotation angle of the front foot is larger than that of the rear foot or the jump-stop jumper. The dynamic characteristic is that the peak value of vertical ground reaction force is larger than that of stride jumper. At the peak moment of the vertical decent reaction, the forward foot of the stride jumper is stronger in the sagittal axis than the rear foot in the same action, and the same is true for the jump shot. But the vertical force on both knees of jump jumper is obviously greater than that of stride jumper. The knee extension and external rotation torque of the knee corresponding to the peak moment of the reaction force on the vertical ground is larger than that of the jump jumper. 3. Because the knee joint angle is too small and the external rotation angle is larger the risk of injury of internal and external collateral ligament or meniscus is increased. The extension of the knee joint of the front foot is higher than that of the jump shot, which increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The peak value of vertical force on both knees of jump jumpers is larger than that of stride jumpers, which may increase the risk of patellar tendon and anterior cruciate ligament injury. The knee extension and external rotation moment of the knee joint at the peak moment of the vertical ground reaction force are higher than those of the jump shot due to the greater risk of injury due to the pedal extension and torsion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G841;G804.6

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