女子壁球運動員不同訓練周期若干血液、唾液指標的監(jiān)測研究
本文選題:運動訓練 + 肌酸激酶; 參考:《上海體育學院》2016年碩士論文
【摘要】:目的:基于周期訓練理論,結合運動生理學指標,監(jiān)測上海體育學院壁球隊12名女子壁球運動員在恢復期、準備期和比賽期間若干血液指標、唾液指標,分析壁球運動員的機能狀態(tài)。方法:測試運動員在不同訓練周期中的若干血液指標,包括血紅蛋白(RBC)、紅細胞壓積(Hct)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素氮(BUN);測定的若干唾液指標,包括α-淀粉酶(sAA)、唾液皮質醇(C)、唾液α-淀粉酶/皮質醇比值(AOC)。實驗期間血液指標在清晨空腹、未做任何運動情況下選取,唾液指標每天取樣5次,并在運動后運用心理學問卷RESTQ對運動員的應激-恢復狀況進行調查。研究結果:1、隨著運動負荷的升高,女子壁球運動員在準備期、比賽期的血清肌酸激酶水平較恢復期相比,顯著升高(P0.05)。2、女子運動員在準備期、比賽期的α-淀粉酶覺醒反應和分泌量較恢復期清晨顯著升高(P0.01)。3、皮質醇水平的晝夜變化規(guī)律揭示,女子運動員在準備期、比賽期唾液皮質醇分泌量較恢復期顯著下降(P0.01),皮質醇覺醒反應變緩。4、女子壁球運動員在準備期、比賽期的AOC較恢復期升高,且與α-淀粉酶、皮質醇濃度、運動專項恢復分值呈負相關。研究結論:(1)隨著訓練負荷的增加,會誘導女子壁球運動員兩大應激系統(tǒng)地不對稱活動,即HPA系統(tǒng)鈍化反應伴和SAM系統(tǒng)的過度反應,運動員的心理變化以及機能狀態(tài)下降都與兩大應激系統(tǒng)的不對稱活動相關,這種不對稱活動在準備期、比賽期更加明顯。(2)在血液指標的監(jiān)測過程中,女子壁球運動員在準備期、比賽期的肌酸激酶水平較恢復期顯著升高,而血尿素氮水平未見顯著差異性,提示在監(jiān)測女子壁球運動員不同訓練周期運動負荷時,應該以血清肌酸激酶指標為主,輔以其它血液參數(shù)綜合判斷運動狀態(tài)。(3)在唾液指標的監(jiān)測過程中,運動員在準備期和比賽期的皮質醇覺醒反應(CAR)、總體皮質醇水平/總體α-淀粉酶水平比值(AOC)較恢復期發(fā)生顯著變化,提示在準備期和比賽期監(jiān)測運動員對訓練負荷的適應情況時,可以將皮質醇覺醒反應和總體皮質醇水平/總體α-淀粉酶水平比值作為主要考量指標之一。建議:在監(jiān)控運動員訓練負荷時,不僅要根據(jù)周期訓練的安排多人次多次的生理指標的測試,還應對個別運動員進行機能數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測、分析、評價,結合訓練后的恢復手段,一方面保證運動員競技狀態(tài)的提升,更為運動員的健康提供保障,防止運動損傷。
[Abstract]:Objective: Based on the theory of periodic training and combined with the indexes of sports physiology, a number of blood indexes and saliva indexes during the period of recovery, preparation and competition during the period of preparation and competition of 12 women squash sportsmen of the Shanghai Institute of Physical Education squash team were monitored. Hemoglobin (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), creatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN); several saliva indicators, including alpha amylase (sAA), saliva cortisol (C), saliva alpha amylase / cortisol ratio (AOC). During the experimental period, the blood indexes were selected in the early morning, without any exercise, and the saliva index was sampled 5 times a day and was transported. The results were as follows: 1, with the increase of exercise load, the serum creatine kinase level of women squash athletes increased significantly (P0.05).2 compared with the recovery period in the preparation period and the competition period, and the female athletes were in the preparation period and the awakening reaction of the alpha amylase during the competition period. In the early morning, the secretion of cortisol was significantly increased (P0.01).3, and the diurnal variation of cortisol levels revealed that the salivary cortisol secretion of women athletes decreased significantly (P0.01) during the preparatory period (P0.01), the cortisol awakening reaction slowed to.4, the female squash sportsmen were in the preparation period, and the AOC in the competition period was higher than that of the alpha lake. The study concluded that (1) with the increase of training load, the unsymmetrical activity of the two stress systems of women squash players, that is, the overreaction of HPA system passivation reaction and SAM system, the psychological change of athletes and the decline of the functional state, and the two stress systems. The asymmetric activity is related, this asymmetry activity is more obvious in the preparation period. (2) during the monitoring of blood indexes, the level of creatine kinase in the women squash athletes in the preparation period and the competition period is significantly higher than that in the recovery period, but the blood urea nitrogen level has no significant difference, suggesting that the different training of women squash players is monitored. During the periodic exercise load, the serum creatine kinase index should be used as the main index, supplemented by other blood parameters. (3) during the monitoring of the saliva index, the cortisol awakening reaction (CAR), the total cortisol level / total alpha amylase level ratio (AOC) in the preparation and competition period, the total cortisol level and the total alpha amylase level ratio (AOC) have significant changes in the recovery period. It is suggested that the ratio of cortisol awakening reaction, total cortisol level / total alpha amylase level can be one of the main indexes in monitoring athletes' adaptation to training load during the preparation and competition period. The standard test should also carry out functional data monitoring, analysis and evaluation of individual athletes, combined with the methods of recovery after training, on the one hand, to ensure the improvement of athletes' competitive state, and to provide support for the health of athletes and prevent sports injury.
【學位授予單位】:上海體育學院
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:G849.9;G804.49
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