本文選題：教育病理學(xué) + 211高校體育課程��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著高校體育課程改革工作的不斷推進(jìn),各高校開始堅持以“健康第一,終身體育,以人為本”為教學(xué)指導(dǎo)思想,并結(jié)合學(xué)校的實際情況,面向全體學(xué)生開設(shè)了多種體育課程,教學(xué)模式也伴隨體育課程的改革不斷完善。其中,“三自主”體育選項課開展最為廣泛,多數(shù)高校已將其作為核心教學(xué)模式。因此,通過對公共體育選項課的研究,不僅能進(jìn)一步完善現(xiàn)有的體育教學(xué)模式、加快課程改革,還對學(xué)生終身體育鍛煉習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成、運動能力的發(fā)展都具有一定的意義和作用。本文在梳理了前人關(guān)于教育病理學(xué)理論與實踐成就的基礎(chǔ)上,透過其對教育反向研究的獨特視角,采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、問卷調(diào)查法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計等方法,對我國211高校公共體育選項課開設(shè)情況:在教學(xué)實踐中存在的病理性癥狀、致病因素、治理對策等進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析,得出結(jié)論為:一、目前我國211高校公共體育選項課教學(xué)大綱是根據(jù)《全國普通高等學(xué)校體育課程教學(xué)指導(dǎo)綱要》(教育部[2002])的要求,結(jié)合自身的實際情況自行制定的;在教學(xué)目標(biāo)的實效上,學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、教師與學(xué)生在認(rèn)識上存在一定的差別,且心理健康、社會適應(yīng)兩個教學(xué)目標(biāo)實效不足;公共體育選項課課程類型多元化,多為“0+4型”,體育課程出現(xiàn)一種新的類型“1+3/7型”;高校為加大學(xué)生選擇的空間,體育選項課開設(shè)項目不少于15門;高校對學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)評價多以教師評定為主;高�，F(xiàn)有體育場館,師資難以滿足學(xué)生的需求,且體育場館多為有償開放;學(xué)生對選項課的開展比較滿意,且選課的動機(jī)趨于多樣化。二、建立在調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,從教育病理學(xué)的角度提出當(dāng)前211高校公共體育選項課存在的病癥:(一)在目標(biāo)實現(xiàn)職能方面,存在選項課的實效不足,很多正在上或已上完體育選項課的學(xué)生不了解其教學(xué)目標(biāo),且認(rèn)為社會適應(yīng)、心理健康兩個領(lǐng)域教學(xué)目標(biāo)難以實現(xiàn)等教育浪費現(xiàn)象。(二)在自我維持職能方面,公共體育選項課教學(xué)內(nèi)容、開設(shè)項目、教學(xué)方法、手段難以滿足學(xué)生的需求;選項課課時數(shù)不夠;選項班班額超負(fù),教師工作繁重等教育沖突現(xiàn)象。(三)在對外關(guān)系方面,存在政府、社會、家庭對學(xué)校公共體育選項課的支持力度不夠的教育滯后的現(xiàn)象。(四)在對內(nèi)關(guān)系方面,存在體育經(jīng)費、場館設(shè)施投入不足;師資水平受限;教學(xué)評價體系不均衡;教育公平性缺乏等教育差別現(xiàn)象。三、經(jīng)過對我國211高校公共體育選項課實施中的病理癥狀進(jìn)行深入分析,認(rèn)為產(chǎn)生這些病癥的內(nèi)部致病因素包括學(xué)生體育基礎(chǔ)差,技術(shù)水平參差不齊;學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動機(jī)不明確;教師現(xiàn)代教育觀念滯后;教師科學(xué)文化知識水平低;學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對體育選項課的重視程度不夠;體育選項課教學(xué)實踐偏移等方面。外部致病因素包括家長對孩子的教育存在功利性,過度關(guān)系學(xué)生的文化成績;社會整體上對學(xué)校體育教育不重視,相關(guān)政策文件執(zhí)行力度不夠等方面。四、針對出現(xiàn)的“疾病”,從三個不同層次提出了矯治方案:(一)免疫防護(hù),建立內(nèi)外部保障機(jī)制。有關(guān)高校體育的政策制度必需落實到實處;營造良好的校園體育運動氛圍;加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)體育教育,為高校體育教育打好基礎(chǔ)。(二)對癥下藥,優(yōu)化體育教學(xué)過程。轉(zhuǎn)變教育理念,明確教學(xué)目標(biāo);教學(xué)內(nèi)容,方式要呈現(xiàn)多樣化,廣泛開設(shè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂;加強(qiáng)高校師資隊伍建設(shè)。(三)輔助治療,確保物資需求。政府、社會、家庭、學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要高度重視學(xué)校體育教學(xué),擴(kuò)大體育經(jīng)費投入;同時學(xué)校體育部門也要通過多渠道籌集經(jīng)費,緩解學(xué)校財政壓力;有限的場館設(shè)備資源利用率有待提高。
[Abstract]:With the continuous promotion of the reform of physical education curriculum in Colleges and universities, colleges and universities have begun to adhere to the guiding ideology of "health first, lifelong physical education and people-oriented". Combined with the actual situation of the school, various physical education courses are set up for all students, and the teaching mode is also accompanied by the continuous improvement of the reform of the physical education curriculum. Among them, the "three independent" body is made. The education options course is the most extensive, most colleges and universities have taken it as the core teaching mode. Therefore, through the study of the public sports optional course, it can not only further improve the existing sports teaching mode, accelerate the curriculum reform, but also have a certain significance and effect on the development of the students' lifelong physical exercise habits and the development of sports ability. On the basis of combing the predecessors' achievements on the theory and practice of Educational Pathology, through the unique perspective of educational reverse research, the author adopts the methods of literature, questionnaire and mathematical statistics to set up the public sports optional courses in 211 colleges and universities in China: the pathological symptoms, pathogenic factors and governance in the practice of teaching. A systematic analysis is carried out, and the conclusion is as follows: 1. At present, the teaching outline of public sports optional course in 211 colleges and universities in China is made according to the requirements of the teaching guidance program of the National Ordinary Higher School Physical Education Curriculum ([2002]) and its own actual conditions; in the actual effect of the teaching objectives, the school leaders, teachers and students are in the actual situation. There are certain differences in understanding, and psychological health, and social adaptation to the two teaching objectives of insufficient actual effect; the diversity of the curriculum of public sports courses, mostly "0+4", a new type of "1+3/7" in physical education curriculum, the space for the selection of college students for college students, the opening of sports options courses not less than 15; colleges and universities to students Most of the learning evaluation is based on teacher evaluation; the existing gymnasiums and stadiums in Colleges and universities are difficult to meet the needs of the students, and the stadium and gymnasiums are mostly paid open. The students are more satisfied with the optional course and the motivation of the course selection tends to diversify. Two, on the basis of the investigation, the public sports in 211 colleges and universities are put forward from the angle of education pathology. The symptoms of the optional course are: (1) the actual effect of the optional course is insufficient in the goal realization function, and many students who are on or already have finished the optional courses are not aware of their teaching objectives, and they think that the social adaptation and the two fields of psychological health are difficult to achieve and so on. (two) the public body in the function of self maintenance. It is difficult to meet the needs of the students in the teaching content of the optional course, the teaching method and the means, and the lack of time in the optional course; the overburden of the optional class class and the heavy work of the teachers. (three) there is a lack of educational lag for the government, the society and the family to support the public physical education options in the school. (four) in relation to internal relations, there are sports funds, inadequate investment in facilities and facilities, limited teacher level, unbalance of teaching evaluation system, lack of educational equity and other educational differences. Three, through in-depth analysis of the pathological symptoms in the implementation of public sports options in 211 colleges and universities in China, it is believed that the internal causes of these diseases are caused by the causes. It includes the poor physical foundation of the students, the uneven technical level, the unclear learning motivation of the students, the lag of the concept of modern education of the teachers, the low level of teachers' scientific and cultural knowledge, the lack of attention to the elective course of physical education by the leadership of the school, the deviation of the practice of physical education options and so on. The external pathogenic factors include the education of the parents of the children. In utilitarianism, the cultural achievement of the students is overly related; the whole society does not attach importance to the school physical education, and the implementation of the relevant policy documents is not enough. Four, in view of the emergence of "disease", the correction scheme is put forward from three different levels: (1) immunity protection and establishment of internal and external guarantee mechanism. The policy system of physical education in Colleges and universities is necessary. To implement the actual situation; to create a good atmosphere of campus sports and sports; to strengthen physical education in primary and secondary schools, to lay a good foundation for the physical education in Colleges and universities. (two) to improve the teaching process of physical education, optimize the teaching process of physical education, change the educational concept, clear the teaching objectives, the teaching content, the way to present a wide range of network classes, and strengthen the construction of the Faculty of colleges and universities. (three) Auxiliary treatment, to ensure material demand. Government, society, family, school leaders should attach great importance to school physical education, and expand the investment in sports funds; at the same time, the school sports departments should raise funds through multiple channels to relieve the financial pressure of the school; the rate of use of limited facilities and facilities needs to be improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G807.4

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