本文選題：自我控制 + 自我損耗��； 參考：《北京體育大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：自我控制對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的重要性不言而喻。運(yùn)動(dòng)員在訓(xùn)練和比賽中都需要不斷地進(jìn)行自我控制,包括維持合理的思維方式以及積極的心態(tài)。這些自我控制行為也不斷消耗自我控制資源,進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生自我損耗。自我損耗,是指由于自我控制資源的損耗而導(dǎo)致的自我控制能力暫時(shí)下降的現(xiàn)象。自我效能對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員同樣不可或缺。作為對(duì)自己獲得成功的能力的信念,自我效能容易發(fā)生波動(dòng),特別是在關(guān)鍵比賽或比賽的關(guān)鍵比分,這種波動(dòng)會(huì)更加明顯。本研究探討了自我損耗對(duì)自我效能的影響。作者假設(shè),自我損耗可能會(huì)對(duì)自我效能產(chǎn)生不利影響,但這種不利影響可以通過補(bǔ)償策略加以控制。本論文通過3項(xiàng)研究8個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)了這一假設(shè)。研究1通過3個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)探討了自我損耗對(duì)不同類型自我效能的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)1探討自我損耗對(duì)一般自我效能的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),自我損耗參與者與非自我損耗參與者《一般自我效能量表》得分之間的差異不具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)顯著性。實(shí)驗(yàn)2a探討了自我損耗對(duì)認(rèn)知任務(wù)自我效能的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與非自我損耗參與者相比,自我損耗參與者比較自我效能和表現(xiàn)自我效能更低。實(shí)驗(yàn)2b探討了自我損耗對(duì)操作任務(wù)自我效能的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與非自我損耗參與者相比,自我損耗參與者比較自我效能和表現(xiàn)自我效能更低。研究2通過3個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)探討了影響自我損耗和自我效能關(guān)系的調(diào)節(jié)變量。實(shí)驗(yàn)3探討樂觀特質(zhì)對(duì)自我損耗和自我效能關(guān)系的調(diào)節(jié)作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),無論高樂觀特質(zhì)參與者,還是低樂觀參與者,經(jīng)歷自我損耗后,其自我效能均會(huì)降低。實(shí)驗(yàn)4探討了任務(wù)難度對(duì)自我損耗和自我效能關(guān)系的調(diào)節(jié)作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)于高難度的飛鏢投擲任務(wù),自我損耗對(duì)自我效能的影響更大。實(shí)驗(yàn)5探討的是壓力情境對(duì)自我損耗和自我效能關(guān)系的調(diào)節(jié)作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在壓力情境下,自我損耗對(duì)自我效能的影響更大。研究3通過2個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)探討了自我損耗降低自我效能的補(bǔ)償策略。實(shí)驗(yàn)6a探討了金錢獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)自我損耗降低表現(xiàn)自我效能的補(bǔ)償作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與沒有接受補(bǔ)償?shù)膮⑴c者相比,接受金錢獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的參與者的表現(xiàn)自我效能更高。實(shí)驗(yàn)6b探討了榜樣啟動(dòng)對(duì)自我損耗降低比較自我效能的補(bǔ)償作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與沒有接受補(bǔ)償?shù)膮⑴c者相比,接受榜樣啟動(dòng)的參與者的比較自我效能更高。3項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果說明,自我損耗降低自我效能。但這種不利影響可以通過補(bǔ)償策略加以控制。這提示,運(yùn)動(dòng)員由于自我損耗而產(chǎn)生自我效能的降低,需要通過補(bǔ)償策略來控制這種不利影響。
[Abstract]:The importance of self-control to athletes is self-evident. Athletes need constant self-control in both training and competition, including maintaining a reasonable way of thinking and a positive attitude. These self-control behaviors also consume self-controlled resources, which leads to self-loss. Self-loss refers to the temporary decline of self-control ability caused by the depletion of self-controlled resources. Self-efficacy is also essential for athletes. As a belief in your ability to succeed, self-efficacy is more volatile, especially in key matches or key scores. This study explores the effect of self-loss on self-efficacy. The authors hypothesize that self-loss may have a negative effect on self-efficacy, but this negative effect can be controlled by compensatory strategies. In this paper, this hypothesis is tested by three studies and eight experiments. In study 1, the effects of self-loss on different types of self-efficacy were investigated through three experiments. Experiment 1 explores the effect of self-loss on general self-efficacy. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the scores of self-loss participants and non-self-loss participants in the general self-efficacy scale. In experiment 2 a, the effect of self-loss on self-efficacy of cognitive task was investigated. The results showed that self-loss participants were lower than non-self-loss participants in self-efficacy and performance self-efficacy. Experiment 2 b explores the effect of self-loss on self-efficacy of operational tasks. The results showed that self-loss participants were lower than non-self-loss participants in self-efficacy and performance self-efficacy. In study 2, three experiments were conducted to explore the regulatory variables that affect the relationship between self-loss and self-efficacy. Experiment 3 explores the role of optimistic traits in regulating the relationship between self-loss and self-efficacy. The results showed that the self-efficacy of both high-optimistic participants and low-optimistic participants decreased after self-depletion. Experiment 4 explores the role of task difficulty in regulating the relationship between self-loss and self-efficacy. The results showed that for difficult darts throwing task, self-loss had more influence on self-efficacy. Experiment 5 explores the role of stress situations in regulating the relationship between self-loss and self-efficacy. The results showed that self-loss had a greater effect on self-efficacy in stress situations. In study 3, two experiments were conducted to explore the compensation strategies for reducing self-loss and self-efficacy. In experiment 6, we investigated the compensatory effect of monetary reward on self-loss and self-efficacy. The results showed that participants who received monetary rewards were more self-efficacy than those who did not receive compensation. In experiment 6 b, the compensation effect of role model priming on self-efficiency was investigated. The results showed that compared with those without compensation, participants who received role models had higher self-efficacy than those who did not receive compensation. The results of three studies showed that self-loss reduced self-efficacy. However, this adverse effect can be controlled by compensation strategy. This suggests that the loss of self-efficacy of athletes should be controlled by compensatory strategies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G804.8

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