本文選題：賽璐珞 + 新球體　； 參考：《河北師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：新塑料球投入使用之后,乒乓球的旋轉(zhuǎn)、速度、力量都發(fā)生了不同程度的變化。本文利用錄像觀察法、四段指標評估法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計等方法,對以張繼科、馬龍、樊振東、許昕為代表的我國優(yōu)秀男子乒乓球運動員在賽璐珞時代和新球體時代下每人12場比賽,一共48場比賽的技戰(zhàn)術(shù)進行分析。試圖找出新塑料球投入使用后,我國優(yōu)秀男子乒乓球運動員技戰(zhàn)術(shù)的變化以及發(fā)展趨勢。為我國優(yōu)秀男子乒乓球運動員日后的科學訓練提供理論基礎(chǔ)以及參考依據(jù)。研究得出結(jié)果:張繼科在新球體投入使用之后,盡管球體的增加使得球在旋轉(zhuǎn)和速度方面有所下降,但由于他發(fā)球變化多,所以新球體的使用對張繼科發(fā)搶段的影響并不大。經(jīng)錄像觀察,張繼科在接搶方面,通過擺短、擰拉等方法控制對方進攻,給自己在第四板和第六板創(chuàng)造機會。因為新塑料球在材質(zhì)方面的變化,使得球在旋轉(zhuǎn)、速度等方面的減弱,從理論上看,相持段的使用率應該增加,從實際情況來看發(fā)搶后的相持階段張繼科表現(xiàn)積極,能夠把握機會,但接搶后的相持階段略顯被動�？傮w來說,新球體投入使用之后,張繼科在重視1、3板的同時,繼續(xù)發(fā)揮2、4板優(yōu)勢,并提高接后相持階段的能力。新球體投入對于技術(shù)穩(wěn)定的馬龍來說影響并不大,雖然球速下降了、旋轉(zhuǎn)也減弱了,但馬龍依然以其穩(wěn)定的技術(shù)保持著自己的戰(zhàn)績。經(jīng)錄像觀察,馬龍發(fā)球變化較賽璐珞時代增多,第2板也增加了擺短、劈長等變化,所以馬龍在接搶段雖然使用率略有下降,但得分率得到了提高。球在速度和旋轉(zhuǎn)的變化從另一方面也降低了對手接球的難度,使得馬龍在發(fā)搶后的相持階段遇到了困難,其在發(fā)搶后的相持階段不論在使用率還是得分率方面均有不同程度地下降。因此相對賽璐珞時代,馬龍需要在發(fā)搶后積極上手,注意第五板的銜接,提高相持Ⅰ段的使用率及得分率。在新球體投入使用之后,樊振東的發(fā)搶段、接搶段的使用率和得分率均有不同程度地下降,與此同時相持Ⅰ段和相持Ⅱ段的得分率都有不同程度地上升。因為新塑料球在使用中球的旋轉(zhuǎn)減弱、速度增加的同時,對經(jīng)驗對臨場的發(fā)揮都有了更高的要求,對體能也自然而然有了更高地要求。樊振東為新一代小將,在體能方面有著巨大的優(yōu)勢,因此在相持Ⅰ段和相持Ⅱ,樊振東的得分率都有所提高,但也因為年輕,樊振東缺少臨場比賽經(jīng)驗,對新球體不熟悉,在變化中沒有形成自己的一套完整的技戰(zhàn)術(shù)。因此建議樊振東在維持出色的體能之下,完善自己的發(fā)搶及接發(fā)搶戰(zhàn)術(shù)。許昕在四段的使用率幾乎沒有什么變化,在這一方面可以說新塑料球?qū)υS昕的影響是微乎甚微。新球體投入使用之后,許昕在發(fā)搶段的得分率不降反升,說明許昕能夠抓住機遇,搶占先機。許昕的弱點十分明顯,相持中左手直拍打法在反手防守方面不占優(yōu)勢,容易給對方機會,所以許昕應該加強接搶相持階段的能力,尤其是變被動為主動的能力,加強反手防御能力,充分發(fā)揮正手優(yōu)勢。研究得出結(jié)論:新球體使用之后,每位運動員都呈現(xiàn)出不用的狀態(tài),對新球體的適應能力也不完全相同。運動員在發(fā)搶段更加積極上手,占據(jù)主動地位。接搶段由于發(fā)球方威脅降低,導致接搶段更加精彩。(1)新塑料球投入使用之后,張繼科發(fā)搶段的使用率幾乎沒有變化,接搶段和相持II段使用率下降,相持Ⅰ段使用率明顯上升。發(fā)搶段和相持II段得分率下降,接搶段和相持Ⅰ段得分率提高。(2)新塑料球投入使用之后,馬龍發(fā)搶段和相持II段的使用率上升,接搶段和相持Ⅰ段的使用率下降。發(fā)搶段的得分率幾乎沒有變化,接搶段和相持Ⅱ段得分率有所提高,相持Ⅰ段得分率下降。(3)新塑料球投入使用后,樊振東發(fā)搶段、接搶段相持Ⅱ段使用率下降,相持Ⅰ段使用率提高。得分率方面,樊振東發(fā)搶段、接搶段得分率下降,相持Ⅰ段、相持II段得分率提高。(4)新塑料球投入使用之后,許昕發(fā)搶段、接搶段的使用率都有所提高,相持Ⅰ段、相持Ⅱ段使用率都有所下降,但提高與下降的比例都微乎甚微,許昕在新球體時代與賽璐珞時代在四段的使用率方面幾乎沒有變化。得分率方面,發(fā)搶段的得分率提高,接搶段得分率沒有變化,相持Ⅰ段的得分率提高,相持Ⅱ段的得分率下降。
[Abstract]:After the new plastic ball is put into use, the rotation, speed and strength of table tennis have changed in varying degrees. This article uses video observation method, four segment index evaluation method, mathematical statistics and other methods, which is represented by Zhang Jike, Malone, Fan Zhendong and Xu Xin in our country's excellent male table tennis players in the celluloid age and the new ball age. 12 games, a total of 48 games of technical and tactical analysis. Try to find out the change and development trend of the skill and tactics of Chinese Excellent Men's table tennis players after the new plastic ball is put into use. It provides the theoretical basis and reference basis for the scientific training of Chinese outstanding men's table tennis players in the future. The results are as follows: Zhang Jike is After the new ball was put into use, the ball's rotation and speed decreased in spite of the increase in the sphere. But because of the many changes in his service, the use of the new ball had little influence on the Zhang Jike's snatching section. After video observation, Zhang Jike controlled the opponent's attack by means of short and twisting, and gave himself to the fourth board. The sixth board creates the opportunity. Because of the change in the material of the new plastic ball, the ball is rotated and the speed is weakened. In theory, the use rate of the stalemate should be increased. From the actual situation, after the stalemate, Zhang Jike is active and can grasp the opportunity. However, the phase of the stalemate after the robbing is slightly passive. Generally speaking, the phase of the stalemate after the robbing is a little passive. After the new ball was put into use, Zhang Jike, while paying attention to the 1,3 board, continued to play the advantage of the 2,4 board and improved the ability to hold the holding stage. The new sphere input was not very important for the technical stable Malone. Although the speed of the ball fell and the rotation had weakened, Maruny ran his own record with his stable technology. The video was recorded. Observation, Malone service changes more than the celluloid era, the second board also increased the short, split length and other changes, so Malone in the grabbing section, although a slight decline in the use rate, but the score has been improved. The ball in speed and rotation changes from the other side also reduced the difficulty of the opponent's reception, making Malone in the stalemate after the stage of snatching. In the celluloid era, Malone needs to be active after the robbing, pay attention to the connection between the fifth boards, improve the use rate and the scoring rate of the first section of the stalemate. After the new ball is put into use, Fan Zhendong's snatching segment and the robbing segment are taken. At the same time, the rate of use and the scoring rate have been reduced in varying degrees. At the same time, the scoring rate of the stalemate I and the stalemate II has been increased in varying degrees. Because the rotation of the ball in the use of the new plastic ball is weakened and the speed increases, it has a higher requirement for the experience of the play and the higher requirements for the physical energy. Fan Zhendong has a great advantage in the physical energy of the new generation, so in the stalemate I and the stalemate II, Fan Zhendong's scoring rate has improved, but because of the young, Fan Zhendong is short of the experience of the game, is not familiar with the new ball, and has not formed a complete set of tactics in the change. Therefore, it is suggested that Fan Zhendong be in the dimension of dimension. In the four paragraph, there is little change in the use rate of Xu Xin. In this respect, the impact of the new plastic ball on Xu Xin is slight. After the new ball is put into use, Xu Xin's scoring rate in the snatching section does not fall back and up, which shows that Xu Xin can seize the opportunity and grab the first place. Machine. Xu Xin's weakness is very obvious. In a stalemate, the left hand beat method does not take advantage of the backhand defense and gives the other side a chance. So Xu Xin should strengthen the ability to grab the stalemate stage, especially the ability to change the passive to the initiative, strengthen the backhand defense ability and give full play to the forehand advantage. The players are not in use, and the adaptability of the new ball is not exactly the same. The athletes are more active in the snatching section and occupy the active position. The receiving segment is more exciting because of the threat of the serving side. (1) after the new plastic ball is put into use, the use rate of Zhang Jike's snatching section is almost unchanged. The use rate of segment and stalemate II segment decreased, the use rate of stalemate I segment increased obviously. The scoring rate of snatm and stalemate II segment decreased, and the score rate of grabbing segment and stalemate I was increased. (2) after the new plastic ball was put into use, the use rate of Malone's snatching section and stalemate II section increased, the use rate of grabbing segment and phase I segment decreased. No change, the score rate of grabbing segment and stalemate II was improved, and the score rate of stalemate I was decreased. (3) after the new plastic ball was put into use, fan Zhen Dong snatching section, the use rate of the second segment of the grabbing segment decreased and the use rate of the stalemate I increased. (4) (4) after the new plastic ball was put into use, the use rate of the grabbing segment has been improved, the holding rate of the holding section has been improved, the use rate of the stalemate II has declined, but the ratio of the increase to the decline is slight, and Xu Xin has almost no change in the use rate of the new ball era and the celluloid age in the four paragraph. The scoring rate increased, and the scoring rate did not change. The score of the first phase of the stalemate was increased and the score of the second phase of the stalemate decreased.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G846

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