發(fā)布時間：2018-05-10 11:10

  本文選題：后激活增強效應 + 頸后蹲��； 參考：《天津體育學院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：后激活增強效應(postactivation potentiation)是指一些人在一次最大或者次最大的力量負荷刺激后,隨后的爆發(fā)性活動的運動表現(xiàn)會出現(xiàn)即時性提高的一種現(xiàn)象。后激活增強效應的效果受到刺激強度與方法、刺激后的恢復時間以及研究對象受訓練程度等因素的影響。本研究旨在通過實驗驗證可以引導出淺蹲縱跳能力后激活增強效應的頸后蹲預刺激練習中,幾種不同負荷-膝角組合形式的“負荷”“膝角”以及“間歇時間”這幾個因素的最佳組合形式,進而為頸后蹲預刺激練習融入到爆發(fā)力項目的運動訓練和比賽提供理論和實踐方面的啟發(fā)和借鑒。本研究共招募了10名受試者參加本研究的實驗,首先在正式實驗前一周測試受試者四個基礎指標:膝角60°頸后蹲1RM、膝角90°頸后蹲1RM、膝角120°頸后蹲1RM以及受試者淺蹲縱跳起跳高度。在正式實驗階段每次測試內容大致相同,首先令受試者進行五分鐘慢跑,然后完成常規(guī)訓練時所使用的動力性拉伸進行熱身,然后進行當日預定的“負荷-膝角”的頸后蹲預刺激練習,本實驗所設計的“負荷-膝角”組合頸后蹲形式共有“負荷75%1RM-膝角60°”“負荷85%1RM-膝角60°”“負荷95%1RM-膝角60°”“負荷75%1RM-膝角90°”“負荷85%1RM-膝角90°”“負荷95%1RM-膝角90°”“負荷75%1RM-膝角120°”“負荷85%1RM-膝角120°”“負荷95%1RM-膝角120°”這九種組合形式,在每次實驗中,受試者在專人保護下完成當日預定的“負荷-膝角”組合頸后蹲三組,每組一次,組間間歇1分鐘,在完成預定頸后蹲預刺激練習后的第3分鐘、第6分鐘、第9分鐘以及第12分鐘這四個時間點上測試受試者的淺蹲縱跳摸高成績,并記錄受試者的測試結果,在實驗后使用SPSS19.0系統(tǒng)對受試者的實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行T檢驗與F檢驗的方差分析,并使用多元方差分析比較負荷、膝角以及間歇時間三個因素對后激活增強效應的影響。顯著性定為誤差概率小于0.05為顯著,誤差概率小于0.01為極為顯著。研究結果為:(1)“負荷75%1RM-膝角60°”“負荷85%1RM-膝角60°”“負荷95%1RM-膝角60°”“負荷75%1RM-膝角90°”等四種組合的頸后蹲預刺激練習無法引導出對運動員淺蹲縱跳能力有顯著促進作用的后激活增強效應;(2)“負荷85%1RM-膝角90°”“負荷75%1RM-膝角120°”等兩種組合的頸后蹲預刺激練習所引導的后激活增強效應對運動員淺蹲縱跳能力有一定提高作用但未達到顯著性提高;(3)“負荷95%1RM-膝角90°”“負荷85%1RM-膝角120°”“負荷95%1RM-膝角120°”等三種組合的頸后蹲預刺激練習所引導的后激活增強效應對運動員淺蹲縱跳能力有顯著促進作用,其中“負荷85%1RM-膝角120°”“負荷95%1RM-膝角120°”這兩種組合的頸后蹲預刺激所引導的后激活增強效應對運動員的淺蹲縱跳能力有極為顯著的提高作用。(4)在不同的“負荷膝角”組合頸后蹲練習的各個因素對淺蹲縱跳能力的即時影響中,負荷因素、膝角因素均有著極為顯著性的影響,但間歇時間因素對其沒有顯著性影響。(5)在負荷因素方面,負荷95%1RM的頸后蹲預刺激引導的后激活增強效應對受試者淺蹲縱跳能力的提高效果最大;在膝角因素方面,膝角120°的頸后蹲預刺激引導的后激活增強效應對受試者淺蹲縱跳能力的提高效果最大;在間歇時間因素方面,頸后蹲預刺激后9分鐘左右時所引導的后激活增強效應對受試者淺蹲縱跳能力的提高效果最大。并得出以下結論:本文通過對九種不同的負荷-膝角組合的頸后蹲預刺激練習的實驗研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中有三種對淺蹲縱跳能力有顯著性即時提高作用,并且每種有促進作用的組合中的最佳間歇時間也被分別找出。但每種組合之間存在一定的差異,并且同一組合的練習中,不同的受試者的促進效果強弱,以及峰值到達的最佳間歇時間存在一定的差異,因此建議教練員和運動員在將這些組合的頸后蹲預刺激運用到運動實踐當中時,采用接近90度以及120度以上的膝角頸后蹲的95%1RM的大負荷強度,在進行預刺激練習后間隔9分鐘左右的間歇時間,但主要要還是結合運動員的實際情況選擇適合運動員個人的最佳頸后蹲組合形式。本文對后激活增強效應的研究運用方面仍然局限于下肢爆發(fā)力方面的單一動作的實驗,因而其在運動競賽中對運動員的促進效果仍需進一步進行實驗研究,因此建議后續(xù)的研究者可以嘗試將研究重點放在后激活增強效應對各個爆發(fā)力運動項目專項體能的促進中。
[Abstract]:The post activation enhancement effect (postactivation potentiation) refers to a phenomenon in which some people are stimulated by a maximum or second maximum force load, and the performance of subsequent exploding activity appears to be improved instantaneously. The effect of the aftereffect is affected by the intensity and method of stimulation, the recovery time after the stimulation, and the object of study. The purpose of this study is to test the best combination of several different types of load - knee angle combination, "load", "knee angle" and "intermittent time", which can lead to the neck squat, which can lead to the activation enhancement effect after the squat jump ability. This study recruited 10 subjects to take part in this study. First of all, 10 subjects were tested in this study. First, four basic indexes of the subjects were tested first week before the formal experiment: knee angle 60 degree neck, knee angle 90 degree neck and 1RM, knee angle 120 degree neck squatting 1RM In the formal experiment stage, the subjects were first jogged for five minutes, and then the dynamic stretching of the routine training was completed, and then the "load knee angle" neck squat pre stimulation exercise was performed on the same day, and the experiment was designed. "Load - knee angle" combined neck squatting in the form of "load 75%1RM- knee angle 60", "load 85%1RM- knee angle", "load 95%1RM- knee angle 60", "load 75%1RM- knee angle 90", "load 85%1RM- knee angle 90", "load 95%1RM- knee angle 90", "load 75%1RM- knee angle 120", "negative 85%1RM- knee angle 120" "" load 95%1RM- knee angle " 120 degrees "of these nine combinations, in each experiment, the subjects were squatted in three groups after the" load knee angle "combined neck of the same day under the protection of the special person, each time and the interval of 1 minutes, and third minutes, sixth minutes, Ninth minutes and twelfth minutes to test the subjects at four time points after the scheduled neck squatting exercise was completed. The person's squat jumps are high, and the test results of the subjects are recorded. After the experiment, the SPSS19.0 system is used to carry out the variance analysis of T test and F test on the subjects' experimental data, and the effect of three factors on the post activation enhancement effect is compared with the multiple variance analysis. The rate less than 0.05 is significant, and the error probability is less than 0.01. The results are as follows: (1) "load 75%1RM- knee angle 60", "load 85%1RM- knee angle 60 degrees", "load 95%1RM- knee angle 60", "load 75%1RM- knee angle 90", and other four combinations of neck squat stimulation practice can not lead to a significant promotion of the squatting and longitudinal jump ability of athletes. The post activation enhancement effect of the action; (2) "load 85%1RM- knee angle 90 degrees" and "load 75%1RM- knee angle 120 degrees" and other two combinations of cervical squat stimulation exercise guided by the post activation enhancement effect on the squat squat longitudinal jump ability of athletes but not significantly improved; (3) "load 95%1RM- knee 90 degrees" "load 85%1RM- knee" The post activation enhancement effect led by three combinations of angle 120 degree "95%1RM- knee angle 120 degrees" and other combinations of neck squat stimulation exercise has a significant promotion effect on the squatting and longitudinal jumping ability of athletes, of which "load 85%1RM- knee angle", "load 95%1RM- knee angle 120 degrees", the two combination cervical squatting pre stimulation leads to the post activation enhancement. The effect has a remarkable improvement on the squatting and longitudinal jumping ability of the athletes. (4) in different "load knee angle" combination neck squat exercises in the immediate effect of the squatting capacity of the squat, the load factor, the knee angle factor have the extremely significant influence, but the interval time factor has no significant influence on it. (5) in the load In terms of factors, the effect of post cervical squat stimulation guided enhanced effect on the ability of squat longitudinal jump is the most effective for the subjects. In the angle of knee angle, the post cervical squat stimulation guided by the knee angle of 120 degrees is the most effective effect on the ability of squat longitudinal jump; in the interval of time, the posterior cervical squatting is the most effective. The effect of the post activation enhancement effect on the squatting and longitudinal jump ability of the subjects is the most effective after 9 minutes of prestimulation. And the following conclusions are drawn: in this paper, through the experimental study of nine different load knee corner combinations, there are three kinds of squat jumping ability. The best interval time in each combination is also identified. But there are certain differences between each combination, and in the same combination of exercises, the promotion effect of different subjects, and the optimal interval of peak arrival have a definite difference, therefore, the coaches and athletes are suggested to be in the way. These combined cervical squat stimulation is applied to exercise practice, with a large load intensity of 95%1RM, which is close to 90 degrees and more than 120 degrees in the knee angle neck, and intervals of 9 minutes or so after a pre stimulation exercise, but mainly to choose the best fit of the athlete's neck to fit the athlete's actual situation. In this paper, the study of post activation enhancement effect is still limited to the single action experiment of the lower limb explosive force, so it still needs to be further studied in the sports competition. Therefore, it is suggested that the follow-up researchers can try to put the focus on the post activation enhancement effect. We should promote the special physical fitness of all explosive sports.

【學位授予單位】：天津體育學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G808.1

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