本文選題：髕腱末端病 + 前瞻性研究�。� 參考：《北京體育大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究目的：本研究采用前瞻性隊列研究設(shè)計,通過對追蹤期新增髕腱末端病和未出現(xiàn)髕腱末端病受試者的基線數(shù)據(jù)進行對比,了解髕腱末端病高危人群的下肢生物力學(xué)特征,分析影響髕腱末端病的危險因素,以期為髕腱末端病的預(yù)防方法提供指導(dǎo)。另外,通過對比追蹤期間新增髕腱末端病受試者損傷前后的數(shù)據(jù),了解損傷對跳躍過程中下肢生物力學(xué)的影響,并分析損傷可能導(dǎo)致的代償性動作特征,進而為髕腱末端病的康復(fù)提供理論依據(jù)。研究方法：對我校運動訓(xùn)練專業(yè)籃球?qū)ｍ棇W(xué)生(92人)進行膝關(guān)節(jié)損傷臨床篩查診斷和問卷調(diào)查,篩查出沒有膝關(guān)節(jié)損傷的個體作為研究對象(45人)。將這45名無膝關(guān)節(jié)損傷史的籃球運動員納入研究隊列,采集基線生物力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù),并進行追蹤。一年后回訪,共采集到34名受試者的損傷診斷和生物力學(xué)測試結(jié)果,其中新增15例髕腱末端病,排除不符合研究目的受試者(8人),將其余研究對象按追蹤一年后是否出現(xiàn)髕腱末端病分為髕腱末端病高危下肢組和非高危下肢組,每組各13名受試者。研究結(jié)果：1.髕腱末端病高危下肢在跳深和急停起跳動作中有特殊的下肢生物力學(xué)特征。2.髕腱末端病會影響籃球運動員急停起跳和跳深動作中的下肢生物力學(xué)特征。研究結(jié)論：1.髕腱末端病高危下肢在落地時更傾向于后跟先著地的落地模式,這會增加髖關(guān)節(jié)和膝關(guān)節(jié)的負荷。2.落地緩沖階段較大的髖、膝關(guān)節(jié)屈角可能是髕腱末端病的損傷危險因素,可以通過早期介入肌力平衡訓(xùn)練和正確落地姿勢訓(xùn)練來預(yù)防髕腱末端病的發(fā)生。3.髕腱末端病高危側(cè)下肢的運動表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于非高危下肢,運動員自身基礎(chǔ)跳躍能力強或許是導(dǎo)致髕腱末端病的危險因素之一,該類運動員更要注意髕腱末端病的預(yù)防。4.髕腱末端病高危下肢損傷后下肢落地過程中的髖關(guān)節(jié)屈角會進一步增加,運動表現(xiàn)下降。5.較大的膝關(guān)節(jié)伸膝力矩加載率是在髕腱末端病高危側(cè)下肢損傷后才出現(xiàn)的,并不是髕腱末端病的損傷危險因素。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity in the high risk population of patellotenitis by comparing the baseline data of the subjects with new patellar tendinosis and those without patellotenitis in the follow-up period by using a prospective cohort study design. To analyze the risk factors affecting patellar tendon terminal disease and to provide guidance for the prevention of patellar tendon terminal disease. In addition, the effects of injury on biomechanics of lower extremities during jumping were analyzed by comparing the data before and after the injury, and the compensatory action characteristics caused by the injury were analyzed. It provides theoretical basis for the rehabilitation of patellar tendon terminal disease. Methods: a total of 92 basketball students majoring in sports training in our university were selected for clinical screening diagnosis and questionnaire investigation of knee joint injury, and 45 subjects were selected as the subjects of the study. The 45 basketball players who had no history of knee joint injury were enrolled in the research cohort to collect baseline biomechanical data and track them. A year later, we collected the results of injury diagnosis and biomechanical tests of 34 subjects, including 15 new cases of patellar tendinopathy. The subjects were divided into high risk lower limb group and non high risk lower extremity group according to whether patellar tendon terminal disease appeared after one year. 13 subjects were in each group. The result of the study was: 1. The high risk lower extremities of patellar tendon disease have special biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity in jumping depth and sudden stop takeoff. 2. Patellar tendon end disease can affect the biomechanical characteristics of lower extremities in basketball players. Conclusion: 1. The high risk lower extremities of patellar tendon disease were more prone to the heel first landing mode, which increased the load of hip and knee joint. 2. The knee flexion angle may be the risk factor of patellar tendon end disease, which can be prevented by early intervention of muscle strength balance training and correct landing posture training. The motor performance of the high risk side of patellar tendon terminal disease is better than that of non-high risk lower extremity. The strong basic jumping ability of athletes may be one of the risk factors leading to patellar tendon terminal disease, and this kind of athletes should pay more attention to the prevention of patellar tendon terminal disease. 4. The flexion angle of hip joint will be further increased and the motor performance will decrease by .5. during the fall of lower extremity after the high risk of patellar tendon disease. The higher loading rate of knee extension torque appeared only after the high risk side of patellar tendon disease, and was not the risk factor of patellar tendon end disease.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G841;G804.6

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