本文選題：傳統(tǒng)武術 + 冠縣　； 參考：《青海師范大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界全球化的發(fā)展,越來越多的新鮮事物進入了國人的視線,在開拓國人視野的同時,外來事物對中國的本土文化也有著較大沖擊。在體育領域上,西方體育文化的進入,導致了傳統(tǒng)體育文化生存和發(fā)展的環(huán)境發(fā)生了改變。因此,傳統(tǒng)武術的發(fā)展面臨著諸多嚴峻問題,就目前來看,武術的發(fā)展重心比較偏向于競技武術,在此過程中由于過度追求競技武術的發(fā)展而失去了其民族特點,造成了不可估量的損失。其次,保護意識不強,保護水平和層次還比較低,造成了傳統(tǒng)武術的大量流失。武林之中一直流傳著“南拳北腿山東查”的說法,張氏查拳是查拳三大流派之一,起源于山東省冠縣,以冠縣張其維為代表。其特點是動作快速敏捷,拳法招術嚴謹,拳法密集,拳法中多有橫力,其傳播主要分布于山東省冠縣一帶,因此對張氏查拳進行保護也是迫在眉睫。本文運用文獻資料法、田野考察法、專家訪談法、問卷調查法、數理統(tǒng)計法、邏輯分析法,以山東省冠縣張氏查拳為研究對象,以冠縣張氏查拳習練者為調查對象,首先是對張氏查拳的基本概述,從張氏查拳的起源、風格、特點等方面進行闡述;其次是對張氏查拳套路的介紹,包括功法套路、基礎套路、徒手套路、器械套路;然后是對張氏查拳的傳承體系進行闡述,再次是對習練者基本情況(分布區(qū)域、性別、年齡、學歷、職業(yè))以及冠縣張氏查拳習練者的現狀(習練動機、習練途徑、習練時間、對發(fā)展現狀及前景的認識)。最后指出冠縣張氏查拳發(fā)展受到制約的因素以及當地政府為了促進張氏查拳發(fā)展的實施對策,并得出結論提出自己的建議。本文得出以下結論:(1)冠縣地區(qū)17個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)均有張氏查拳習練者,其中冠城鎮(zhèn)分布村落最多;(2)習練者男性居多,女性偏少;(3)年齡分布失調,出現“中間空,兩頭少”的現象;(4)文化程度偏低,多處于高中以下;(5)習練者大多是農民和在校學生,教師行業(yè)雖然習練者不多,但是大多數體育教師會習練張氏查拳;(6)絕大多數習練者是出于強身健體的動機去練習張氏查拳,其次是興趣愛好;(7)通過學校教學作為習練途徑的習練者是最多的,其次是拳師口授身傳,也就是師徒傳授模式;(8)習練者的練習年限分布很不均勻,2年以下的習練者占到了58%,這在一定程度限制了張氏查拳的發(fā)展,其中有一部分習練者中途放棄練習是因為站樁練習;(9)習練者對張氏查拳在冠縣的現狀還很滿意,對前景也充滿憧憬。通過調查訪談得知制約張氏查拳在冠縣發(fā)展的主要因素有:(1)地方資金不足,無法進行更好地宣傳;(2)傳承人斷層現象嚴重;(3)拳術體系內容豐富,難以全面繼承;(4)缺乏高素質訓練人才,各組織之間缺乏交流。為了促進張氏查拳更好的發(fā)展,也采取了一些措施:(1)深入開展傳統(tǒng)體育校園課程;(2)申報省級、國家級非物質文化遺產;(3)借助媒體大力宣傳。最后提出自己的建議:(1)廣泛開展傳統(tǒng)武術交流和比賽活動;(2)走進社區(qū)群眾,服務于全民健身運動;(3)重視家庭、宗族教育對張氏查拳傳承的影響;(4)與當地旅游資源相結合,走商業(yè)化道路。
[Abstract]:With the development of globalization in the world, more and more new things have entered the eyes of the Chinese people. At the same time, the foreign things have a great impact on the local culture of China. In the field of sports, the entry of western sports culture has led to the change of the environment for the survival and development of traditional sports culture. Therefore, the traditional sports culture has changed. The development of Wushu is faced with a lot of serious problems. At present, the focus of the development of Wushu is biased towards the competitive martial arts. In this process, it has lost its national characteristics and caused immeasurable loss due to the excessive pursuit of Competitive Wushu. Secondly, the protection consciousness is not strong, the level of protection and the level are still low, resulting in the traditional martial arts. There has been a lot of loss of art. The "South boxing and North leg Shandong check" has been circulated in Wulin. Zhang's charisma is one of the three genres of Zhan Quan. It originated from Guanxian in Shandong Province, which is represented by Guanxian Zhang Qiwei. It is characterized by rapid and agile movement, rigorous boxing, dense boxing, and more transverse punching in boxing. Its spread is mainly distributed in the crown of Shandong province. In the area of the county, it is also imminent to protect Zhang's charisma. This paper uses literature, fieldwork, expert interview, questionnaire, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, taking Zhangshi Quan in Guanxian, Shandong as the research object, and first is the basic probability of Zhang's Cheung's chariac punches. This paper expounds the origin, style and characteristics of Zhang's charcst, followed by the introduction of Zhang's charisma, including the utility approach, the basic routine, the unarmed way, the instrument routine, and then the inheritance system of Zhang's charisma, and again the basic situation of the practitioner (distribution area, sex, age, degree, occupation) and the crown. The present situation of Zhang's charisma practice (practice motivation, practice way, practice time, understanding of development status and prospects). Finally, it points out the restrictive factors of the development of Zhangshi Quan in Guanxian and the Countermeasures for the local government to promote the development of Zhang's charisma, and draws his own suggestions. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) crown 17 villages and towns in the county have Zhang's charisma practice, among which the crowns are the largest in the villages; (2) the practitioners are mostly male and the female is less; (3) the age distribution is dissonant, the phenomenon of "middle space, two less"; (4) low cultural level and below the high school; (5) the practitioners are mostly farmers and students, and teachers industry practitioners are practiced. Not much, but most sports teachers will practice Zhang's charisma; (6) most practitioners are motivated to practise Zhang's charisma, followed by hobbies, and (7) the most practicers are practiced through school teaching, followed by the boxer's oral biography, that is, the mode of teacher and apprenticeship; (8) practice year of the practitioners. The limit distribution is very uneven, 58% of the practitioners under 2 years, which limits the development of Zhang's charisma to a certain extent. Some of the practitioners give up the practice because of the post practice; (9) the practitioners are satisfied with the present situation in Guanxian and are full of prospects. The main factors in Guanxian development are: (1) lack of local funds, unable to carry out better publicity; (2) serious fault phenomenon of inheritors; (3) rich content of the boxing system, difficult to inherit completely; (4) lack of high-quality training personnel, the lack of communication between organizations. Exhibition of traditional PE campus courses; (2) declare provincial, national intangible cultural heritage; (3) with the help of media publicity. Finally, put forward their own suggestions: (1) extensive development of traditional Wushu exchange and competition activities; (2) entering the community, serving the national fitness and movement; (3) attaching importance to the family, clan education on the impact of Zhang's charive boxing inheritance; (4) and when The tourism resources are combined and the road of commercialization is taken.

【學位授予單位】：青海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G852.12
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本文編號：1777637