本文選題：網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員　切入點(diǎn)：身體非對(duì)稱性　出處：《體育科學(xué)》2017年09期

【摘要】：網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體形態(tài)的非對(duì)稱性適應(yīng)是專(zhuān)項(xiàng)機(jī)械負(fù)荷導(dǎo)致的身體形態(tài)、成分非對(duì)稱性的程度與模式。其中,上肢肌肉是以優(yōu)勢(shì)臂三角肌、肱三頭肌、上臂屈肌等力量為主導(dǎo),結(jié)合前臂屈肌、小肌群與之形成的三連體收縮模式協(xié)同克服專(zhuān)項(xiàng)機(jī)械負(fù)荷而導(dǎo)致肌肉形態(tài)6%~21%的非對(duì)稱性適應(yīng)過(guò)程;上肢骨骼是以青春期訓(xùn)練的骨膜擴(kuò)張機(jī)制所形成的骨微觀結(jié)構(gòu)為主,導(dǎo)致骨形態(tài)11%~25%的非對(duì)稱性擴(kuò)大,從而增強(qiáng)11%~66%骨力量的非對(duì)稱性成骨效應(yīng);軀干主要以核心肌群集中于腰椎中、下端的典型非對(duì)稱性肥大所體現(xiàn)出的橫向單側(cè)、雙向獨(dú)立、彌補(bǔ)、疊加等多種負(fù)荷效應(yīng),協(xié)同克服專(zhuān)項(xiàng)機(jī)械負(fù)荷,從而導(dǎo)致8%~35%的非對(duì)稱性適應(yīng)過(guò)程。此外,網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體非對(duì)稱性發(fā)展過(guò)程中引發(fā)的肩、腹、髖等部位關(guān)節(jié)形態(tài)異常、肌組織機(jī)能退變、力量失衡等不同程度,提示著損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn),建議通過(guò)適當(dāng)減少負(fù)荷量、改變負(fù)荷方式、發(fā)展對(duì)稱的肌群力量以及優(yōu)先形成科學(xué)、合理的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)技術(shù)等訓(xùn)練學(xué)手段來(lái)阻斷、減慢非對(duì)稱性進(jìn)程以預(yù)防損傷或進(jìn)行康復(fù)。
[Abstract]:The asymmetry adaptation of tennis players' body form is caused by special mechanical load, the degree and pattern of asymmetry.Among them, the upper limb muscles are dominated by the dominant arm deltoid muscle, triceps brachii muscle, flexor muscle of the upper arm and so on, combined with the flexor muscle of the forearm.The conjunctival contraction pattern formed by the small muscle group combined with the special mechanical load resulted in 621% asymmetrical adaptation of muscle morphology, and the bone structure of upper limb was mainly formed by the periosteal dilatation mechanism of puberty training.The asymmetric osteogenic effect of 1166% bone strength was enhanced, and the trunk was mainly concentrated in the lumbar vertebrae with the core muscle group, and the typical asymmetric hypertrophy at the lower end reflected the transverse unilateral, bidirectional independence, and made up for it.Multiple load effects, such as superposition, are used to overcome the special mechanical load, which leads to an asymmetric adaptation process of 85%.In addition, the abnormal shape of the shoulder, abdomen, hip and other joints, the degeneration of muscle tissue and function, and the imbalance of strength caused by the asymmetric development of the body of tennis players indicate the risk of injury, so it is suggested that the load should be reduced appropriately.Changing the load mode, developing symmetrical muscle strength and giving priority to the formation of scientific, reasonable special techniques and other training means to block, slow down the asymmetric process to prevent injury or rehabilitation.
【作者單位】： 福建師范大學(xué)體育學(xué)院;懷化學(xué)院體育學(xué)院;湖北師范大學(xué)體育學(xué)院;重慶大學(xué)體育學(xué)院;
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G845

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本文編號(hào)：1720109