本文選題：馬拉松　切入點(diǎn)：不同水平　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從1981年我國第一次舉辦馬拉松比賽以后,馬拉松項(xiàng)目在國內(nèi)快速興起,尤其是城市馬拉松更是廣受馬拉松愛好者的歡迎,同時(shí),大眾跑者和業(yè)余選手也是諸多馬拉松比賽的主要參賽者,但許多大眾跑者尤其是初次參賽的選手并不了解該項(xiàng)目,只是憑借自己的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)去參加比賽。為了尋找不同水平尤其是低水平馬拉松運(yùn)動員在馬拉松比賽中最合理、有效的速度分配模式,本文采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法和對比分析法等研究方法,對2015衡水湖國際馬拉松賽暨全國馬拉松錦標(biāo)賽中完成比賽的全體男子運(yùn)動員的比賽成績進(jìn)行處理與分析,圍繞不同水平的馬拉松運(yùn)動員全程各分段平均速度、速度變化率和變異系數(shù)等指標(biāo),探討不同速度分配模式與比賽成績之間的因果關(guān)系,結(jié)合運(yùn)動訓(xùn)練學(xué)、運(yùn)動生理學(xué)和馬拉松專業(yè)理論等相關(guān)知識,對不同水平的馬拉松參賽選手全程的速度變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析,研究他們在全程各分段的速度變化特征,探討其速度分配模式,找到適合不同水平尤其是大眾水平馬拉松運(yùn)動員的速度分配方式,同時(shí)根據(jù)其速度變化特征,對我國大眾馬拉松運(yùn)動員的訓(xùn)練及比賽提出合理化建議,有利于提高我國馬拉松賽事的質(zhì)量和參賽選手的水平,為眾多馬拉松賽事參賽運(yùn)動員的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃、參賽方案提供參考。研究表明,勻速跑更適合這種超長距離的項(xiàng)目,業(yè)余運(yùn)動員往往在比賽開始階段分配較多體力,所以開始階段速度較快,可這種狀況不會持續(xù)很長時(shí)間,隨著體能能量物質(zhì)的消耗,業(yè)余運(yùn)動員速度快速下降,并且速度下降幅度大,短時(shí)間大幅度變速運(yùn)動使體內(nèi)堆積大量乳酸,從而影響自身水平的發(fā)揮,同時(shí),由于開始消耗了大量體能,導(dǎo)致后半程體力不足,進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致了比賽后半程速度無法達(dá)到全程平均速度,浪費(fèi)了大量時(shí)間,不利于參賽選手取得較好的比賽成績。所以,參照專業(yè)運(yùn)動員的完賽方式和速度分配,在比賽過程中加強(qiáng)對速度的控制,盡量減小速度波動,保持全程速度相對平穩(wěn),是取得理想比賽成績的關(guān)鍵。
[Abstract]:Since the first marathon was held in China in 1981, the marathon project has sprung up rapidly in China, especially the city marathon, which has been widely welcomed by marathon enthusiasts. At the same time, Mass runners and amateurs are also major runners in many marathons, but many popular runners, especially first-time runners, don't know the event. In order to find the most reasonable and effective speed distribution mode for the marathon runners at different levels, especially the low level marathon runners, this paper adopts the literature method. By means of mathematical statistics and comparative analysis, this paper deals with and analyzes the results of all male athletes who completed the 2015 Hengshui Lake International Marathon and National Marathon Championships. In this paper, the causal relationship between different speed distribution modes and race results is discussed according to the average speed, rate of change and coefficient of variation of marathon runners at different levels, and combined with the theory of sports training. This paper summarizes and analyzes the law of speed change of marathon runners at different levels, studies their characteristics of speed change in different stages of the course, and probes into their speed distribution mode. To find out the speed distribution method suitable for different levels of marathon athletes, especially the mass level marathon athletes, and at the same time, according to the characteristics of the speed change, to put forward some reasonable suggestions for the training and competition of the mass marathon athletes in our country. It is beneficial to improve the quality of Chinese marathon and the level of contestants, and to provide reference for the training plans and schemes of many marathon runners. The research shows that uniform running is more suitable for this kind of ultra long distance events. Amateur athletes tend to allocate more physical strength at the beginning of the game, so the start stage is faster, but this situation won't last for a long time. With the consumption of physical energy and material, the speed of the amateur athletes drops rapidly. And the speed drop is big, the short time big change speed movement causes the body to accumulate a large amount of lactic acid, thus affects the own level play, at the same time, because began to consume a lot of physical strength, causes the second half physical strength to be insufficient, This further leads to the inability of the second half of the race to reach the full average speed, which wastes a lot of time and is not conducive to the contestants getting better results. Therefore, referring to the way and speed of the professional athletes to finish the race, It is the key to achieve the ideal result to strengthen the control of the speed in the course of the competition, reduce the fluctuation of the speed as far as possible, and keep the whole speed relatively stable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G822.8

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