本文選題：競(jìng)走　切入點(diǎn)：運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)　出處：《首都體育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》2017年05期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：為促進(jìn)我國(guó)男子競(jìng)走項(xiàng)目在倫敦世錦賽和東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)上取得更大突破,以里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)男子20km競(jìng)走亞軍——我國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員蔡澤林的競(jìng)走技術(shù)為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用專家訪談法和生物力學(xué)測(cè)試法等對(duì)蔡澤林的競(jìng)走技術(shù)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析。認(rèn)為:蔡澤林步長(zhǎng)大、步頻低,具有幅度型運(yùn)動(dòng)員的技術(shù)特征;常速走單步時(shí)間比較均衡,高速走右腳時(shí)間短;左腿支撐階段身體上下起伏距離和騰空距離過大;蔡澤林動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu)變化大,常速走先全腳掌著地后大腿重疊,高速走先大腿重疊,后全腳掌著地;蔡澤林存在騰空和轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間長(zhǎng),前支撐時(shí)間和后蹬時(shí)間短,轉(zhuǎn)換速度慢,軀干前傾過大的技術(shù)問題;高速走后擺大,常速走后擺不足;前擺大小臂夾角偏小;高速走兩腿夾角增大,但常速走擺動(dòng)腿屈曲,導(dǎo)致兩腿夾角不足;常速走重疊膝關(guān)節(jié)角度合理,高速走膝關(guān)節(jié)角度過小,擺動(dòng)腿放松不足。著地階段腳掌著地角過小,造成軀干前傾,身體上下起伏過大,降低技術(shù)穩(wěn)定性。建議訓(xùn)練中加強(qiáng)技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性,提高軀干直立水平,加大常速走動(dòng)作幅度,增大支撐腿著地角,延長(zhǎng)前支撐時(shí)間,加快轉(zhuǎn)換速度,降低身體起伏距離,減小騰空距離和時(shí)間,改進(jìn)競(jìng)走技術(shù)。
[Abstract]:In order to promote the men's walking in our country to make a greater breakthrough in the London World Championship and the Tokyo Olympic Games, the research object is the race walking technique of Chinese athlete Cai Zelin, the runner-up of the men's 20km race walking in the Rio Olympics. The kinematics analysis of Cai Zelin's walking technique is carried out by means of expert interview and biomechanical test. It is concluded that Cai Zelin has the characteristics of growing up, low stride frequency and having the technical characteristics of amplitude type athletes, and that the walking time of single step at constant speed is more balanced. The time of high speed walking on right foot is short; the up and down fluctuation distance and empty distance of the left leg are too large; Cai Zelin's movement structure changes greatly, the whole foot first rests on the ground and then the thigh overlaps, the high speed walks first the thigh overlaps, then the whole foot hits the ground; Cai Zelin has some technical problems, such as long time of vacating and converting, short time of front support and backward pedaling, slow speed of conversion, too large front and back swing of trunk, large swinging at high speed, insufficient backswing at constant speed, small angle between forearm and forearm, and so on. The angle between the legs increases at high speed, but the swing leg buckles at constant speed, which results in insufficient angle of the legs; the angle of the knee joint is reasonable when walking at constant speed, the angle of the knee joint is too small when walking at high speed, the swing leg is not relaxed enough, and the angle of landing on the soles of the foot is too small in the landing stage. It is suggested that the technical structure stability should be strengthened during the training, the erect torso level should be raised, the amplitude of constant speed walking should be increased, the landing angle of the supporting legs should be increased, and the time of front support should be prolonged. Speed up the conversion, reduce the body undulating distance, reduce the empty distance and time, and improve the walking technology.
【作者單位】： 首都體育學(xué)院田徑教研室;北京體育大學(xué);西安體育學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家體育總局重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域課題(立項(xiàng)號(hào)2014B079);國(guó)家體育總局科技攻關(guān)與科技服務(wù)(立項(xiàng)號(hào)2016HT082) 北京市教育委員會(huì):科技創(chuàng)新服務(wù)能力建設(shè)—科研水平提高定額—體育教育訓(xùn)練學(xué)理論與實(shí)踐研究(科研類)(PXM2017_014206_000017)
【分類號(hào)】：G821

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