發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-20 11:02

  本文選題：力量訓(xùn)練　切入點(diǎn)：踝關(guān)節(jié)　出處：《北京體育大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：跳遠(yuǎn)以單腳支撐為主,因此下肢需要有強(qiáng)大的力量以及穩(wěn)定性,踝關(guān)節(jié)作為其中的中介點(diǎn),具有承上啟下的放大作用。專(zhuān)家學(xué)者提倡加大踝關(guān)節(jié)的力量訓(xùn)練,訓(xùn)練手段的設(shè)置與專(zhuān)項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)形式相似或相近,但是訓(xùn)練手段的創(chuàng)新一直滯后,現(xiàn)有的訓(xùn)練手段主要以訓(xùn)練踝關(guān)節(jié)的趾屈和背伸為主,強(qiáng)調(diào)踝關(guān)節(jié)周?chē)∪獾募訌?qiáng),但是真正對(duì)于踝關(guān)節(jié)周?chē)α康挠?xùn)練并沒(méi)有太多涉及。在跳遠(yuǎn)項(xiàng)目中,隨著身體重心的移動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)員踝關(guān)節(jié)穩(wěn)定性力量如果較差,就會(huì)導(dǎo)致腳的過(guò)度內(nèi)外翻,因此在這樣的訓(xùn)練過(guò)程中,加強(qiáng)踝關(guān)節(jié)穩(wěn)定性力量訓(xùn)練手段的研究也顯得相當(dāng)重要。本研究旨在以北京體育大學(xué)2013級(jí)教育學(xué)院田徑方向的學(xué)生為研究對(duì)象,主要采用實(shí)驗(yàn)法,從踝關(guān)節(jié)力量訓(xùn)練的視角出發(fā),以穩(wěn)定性力量訓(xùn)練手段為切入點(diǎn),分別選取傳統(tǒng)組合和多方向組合手段的兩個(gè)組進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),根據(jù)研究結(jié)果來(lái)探求傳統(tǒng)組合和多方向組合訓(xùn)練手段這兩者之間對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的練習(xí)效果的影響是否具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義上的差異。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究得出以下結(jié)論:1.經(jīng)過(guò)12周的多方向組合踝關(guān)節(jié)力量訓(xùn)練手段訓(xùn)練后,對(duì)跳遠(yuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員下肢力量生物力學(xué)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了再次測(cè)試后發(fā)現(xiàn),反應(yīng)跳遠(yuǎn)下肢最大力量、彈跳能力指標(biāo)均有顯著性變化,可以有效提高跳遠(yuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的下肢生物力。2.經(jīng)過(guò)12周的多方向組合踝關(guān)節(jié)力量訓(xùn)練手段訓(xùn)練后,對(duì)跳遠(yuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員專(zhuān)項(xiàng)成績(jī)進(jìn)行了再次測(cè)試后發(fā)現(xiàn)具有顯著性變化,可以有效提高跳遠(yuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)成績(jī)。3.經(jīng)過(guò)12周的多方向組合踝關(guān)節(jié)力量訓(xùn)練手段訓(xùn)練后,對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員專(zhuān)項(xiàng)身體素質(zhì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了再次測(cè)試后發(fā)現(xiàn),反應(yīng)速度、力量、彈跳力的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)身體素質(zhì)指標(biāo)都有了顯著性變化,可以有效提高跳遠(yuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)身體素質(zhì)。4.實(shí)驗(yàn)后將兩組跳遠(yuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)和下肢生物力學(xué)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,并沒(méi)有顯著性差異,但是從增長(zhǎng)幅度來(lái)看,下肢生物力指標(biāo)方面,最大力量、騰空時(shí)間實(shí)驗(yàn)組優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,沖量對(duì)照組優(yōu)于實(shí)驗(yàn)組;專(zhuān)項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)方面,實(shí)驗(yàn)組優(yōu)于對(duì)照組;專(zhuān)項(xiàng)身體素質(zhì)指標(biāo)方面,實(shí)驗(yàn)組的連續(xù)縱跳能力指標(biāo)明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,其他指標(biāo)無(wú)顯著性變化。因此在訓(xùn)練中應(yīng)針對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員存在的具體問(wèn)題進(jìn)行兩種訓(xùn)練手段的最佳組合,提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員整體運(yùn)動(dòng)水平。
[Abstract]:The long jump is mainly supported by one foot, so the lower limbs need strong strength and stability. The ankle joint, as an intermediary point, has the magnification function of connecting the above and the following. Experts and scholars advocate increasing the strength training of the ankle joint. The setting of training means is similar to or similar to that of special sports, but the innovation of training means has been lagging behind. The existing training means mainly focus on the training of ankle toe flexion and extension, emphasizing the strengthening of the muscles around the ankle joint. But there is not much involved in training the strength around the ankle. In the long jump, with the movement of the body's center of gravity, if the athlete's ankle stability is poor, it will lead to excessive internal and external overturning of the foot. Therefore, in this training process, it is also very important to study the training means of strengthening the strength of ankle stability. The purpose of this study is to take the track and field students of Beijing physical Education University 2013 as the research object, and mainly adopt the experimental method. Starting from the angle of ankle strength training and taking the stability strength training as the starting point, two groups of traditional combination and multi-directional combination were selected to carry out the experiment. Based on the results of the study, this paper explores whether there is a statistically significant difference in the effect of traditional combination training and multi-directional combination training on athletes' exercise effect. The following conclusions are drawn through the experimental study: 1. After Zhou's multi-direction combined ankle strength training, After retesting the biomechanical indexes of the lower extremity strength of the long jumpers, it was found that there were significant changes in the indexes of the maximum strength of the lower extremities and the ability of jumping in the long jump. After 12 weeks of multi-directional combined ankle strength training means training, the long jump athletes' special results were tested again and found that there were significant changes after 12 weeks of multi-directional combined ankle strength training means training. After 12 weeks of multi-directional combined ankle strength training means training, after re-testing the athletes' special physical quality indicators, we found that the reaction speed, strength, There are significant changes in the specific physical fitness index of the spring jump, which can effectively improve the special physical fitness of the long jumpers. 4. After the experiment, the performance of the two groups of long jumpers and the biomechanical indexes of the lower limbs are compared. There was no significant difference, but from the range of growth, the maximum strength, the vacating time of the experimental group was better than the control group, the impulse control group was superior to the experimental group, the experimental group was better than the control group in terms of specific sports performance. In terms of specific physical fitness indexes, the continuous longitudinal jump ability of the experimental group is obviously superior to that of the control group, but the other indexes have no significant change. Therefore, the best combination of the two training methods should be carried out according to the specific problems of the athletes in the training. Improve the overall sports level of athletes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G823.3

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