本文關(guān)鍵詞： 擊球員 視覺(jué)搜索 運(yùn)動(dòng)決策 正確率　出處：《成都體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：板球運(yùn)動(dòng)屬于技戰(zhàn)能主導(dǎo)類(lèi)輪換攻防對(duì)抗性項(xiàng)群,其技術(shù)特點(diǎn)鮮明,技巧種類(lèi)繁多,是一項(xiàng)以擊球?yàn)橹饕梅址绞降倪\(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。擊球技術(shù)的優(yōu)劣對(duì)比賽結(jié)果起到?jīng)Q定性的作用,而快速、準(zhǔn)確的判斷是擊球技術(shù)準(zhǔn)確發(fā)揮的前提,因此擊球員如何獲得視覺(jué)信息的方法則至關(guān)重要。在運(yùn)動(dòng)心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域,視覺(jué)信息提取的不同模式可能反映了高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員與一般水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的差異性,記錄不同水平的擊球員在運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練或比賽過(guò)程中的眼動(dòng)模式,有利于幫助新手擊球員進(jìn)行有效的策略訓(xùn)練。本研究的目的旨在借助運(yùn)動(dòng)心理學(xué)眼動(dòng)技術(shù),探索運(yùn)動(dòng)員在擊球過(guò)程中捕獲視覺(jué)信息的變化,客觀的反應(yīng)事實(shí)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用德國(guó)SIM I View X RED 3.5遙測(cè)式眼動(dòng)儀,被試對(duì)象為中國(guó)女子板球隊(duì)隊(duì)員和沈陽(yáng)體育學(xué)院院隊(duì)隊(duì)員,共計(jì)20人(專家組10人、新手組10人)。通過(guò)對(duì)專家組和新手組被試的眼動(dòng)特征進(jìn)行記錄,探討板球擊球員判斷投球線路的正確率以及在此過(guò)程中的眼動(dòng)特征、預(yù)判正確率與視覺(jué)搜索的相關(guān)關(guān)系,為提高擊球員預(yù)判能力提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)專家組被試在投球手、軀干、球、頭部,這4個(gè)部位上的注視時(shí)間大于新手組被試,并且差異顯著,而在注視時(shí)間與預(yù)判正確率的相關(guān)分析中顯示投球手、軀干、頭部這3個(gè)部位正是與預(yù)判準(zhǔn)確率高度相關(guān)的部位。(2)從起跳、球出手瞬間、球出手后3個(gè)時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)分析兩組被試Heat map截圖,得出專家組的注視區(qū)域是投手的投球手、軀干、頭部的位置,說(shuō)明專家組更加注重注視與投球動(dòng)作相關(guān)的部位,而新手組的注視區(qū)域則在身體以外的位置,眼球的跳躍較大,則沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)定的視覺(jué)模式。(3)從正樁、中樁、腿樁3個(gè)投球線路分析兩組被試Gaze replay截圖,得出專家組被試的注視軌跡較為簡(jiǎn)潔,大致上保持4個(gè)注視個(gè)數(shù),而新手組的注視軌跡則呈現(xiàn)出雜亂無(wú)章的狀態(tài)。(4)兩組被試在注視時(shí)間與預(yù)判正確率的相關(guān)分析中呈正相關(guān)的依次是:投球手、軀干、頭部3個(gè)部位,注視部位集中在這3個(gè)部位上時(shí),預(yù)判準(zhǔn)確率極高。呈負(fù)相關(guān)的部位是:體外,注視部位在體外時(shí)則預(yù)判準(zhǔn)確率極低。
[Abstract]:Cricket is a kind of rotating attack and defense adversarial item group, which has distinct technical characteristics and various kinds of skills. It is a sport in which batting is the main scoring method. The advantages and disadvantages of the batting technique play a decisive role in the result of the match. And fast and accurate judgment is the prerequisite for the accurate use of the batting technique, so how to get visual information is very important for the batter. In the field of sports psychology, The different modes of visual information extraction may reflect the difference between the high level athletes and the general level athletes, and record the eye movement patterns of different level batters in the course of training or competition. The purpose of this study is to explore the changes of visual information captured by athletes during batting with the help of sport psychology eye movement technology. SIM I View X RED 3.5 telemetry eye movement instrument was used in this experiment. The subjects of this experiment were Chinese women cricket team members and Shenyang Institute of physical Education team members, with a total of 20 (10 expert groups, 10 experts). By recording the eye movement characteristics of the expert group and the novice group, this paper discusses the correct rate of the cricket batter to judge the pitching line and the eye movement feature in the process, and the correlation between the correct rate and the visual search. In order to improve the ability to predict the batter, the research results show that the fixation time of the expert group on the pitcher, torso, ball and head is longer than that in the novice group, and the difference is significant. And in the analysis of the correlation between fixation time and the correct rate of prediction, the pitcher, torso and head are the three parts that are highly related to the accuracy of the prediction. The Heat map screenshots of the two groups were analyzed at three time points after the ball was thrown, and the position of the pitcher, torso and head in the watching area of the expert group was obtained, indicating that the expert group paid more attention to the position related to the pitching action. In the novice group, the fixation area was located outside the body, and the eyeball jumped larger, but did not show a stable visual pattern. (3) the Gaze replay screenshots of the two groups were analyzed from the three pitching routes of the positive pile, the middle pile and the leg pile. It is concluded that the gaze track of the expert group is relatively simple, and the number of fixation is approximately 4. The fixation locus of the novice group showed a chaotic state.) in the correlation analysis of the fixation time and the correct rate of prediction, the subjects in the two groups were: pitcher, torso, and head in the order of positive correlation. When the fixation sites are concentrated on these three sites, the accuracy of prediction is very high, and the negative correlation is: in vitro, the prejudgment accuracy of fixation is very low.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G849.9

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