本文關(guān)鍵詞： 注意偏向 運(yùn)動(dòng)員 壓力情境 線索—靶子范式　出處：《天津體育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》2017年02期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：注意偏向是指個(gè)體對特定刺激具有高敏感性并伴隨著選擇性注意,競賽情景充滿壓力,易誘發(fā)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的消極情緒而產(chǎn)生注意偏向。目的:擬對壓力情景下運(yùn)動(dòng)員注意偏向的內(nèi)在機(jī)制和神經(jīng)生理基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行探討,將有助于了解他們在比賽過程中的認(rèn)知加工過程和特點(diǎn),可為賽前進(jìn)行針對性的注意訓(xùn)練與調(diào)控提供依據(jù)。方法:以正性、中性、負(fù)性情緒面孔圖片為刺激材料,采用線索—靶子范式,借助事件相關(guān)電位技術(shù)(ERP)對25名運(yùn)動(dòng)員在壓力和非壓力情景下的注意行為進(jìn)行測試。結(jié)果:行為數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果顯示,壓力情景下無效線索提示時(shí)被試對以負(fù)性情緒面孔為線索的靶子反應(yīng)時(shí)長于以中性、正性情緒面孔為線索的靶子反應(yīng)時(shí);腦電數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果顯示,與有效線索提示相比,無效線索提示時(shí)情緒面孔后的靶子誘發(fā)的P1及P300波幅較大,壓力情景下負(fù)性情緒面孔后的靶子誘發(fā)的P300波幅大于正性、中性情緒面孔后的靶子誘發(fā)的P300波幅。結(jié)論:壓力情景下運(yùn)動(dòng)員的注意偏向是對負(fù)性(威脅性)信息的注意解脫困難,腦電的變化在一定程度上可以對其神經(jīng)生理效應(yīng)進(jìn)行解釋。
[Abstract]:Attention bias means that individuals are highly sensitive to specific stimuli and are accompanied by selective attention, and competition situations are stressful. Objective: to explore the intrinsic mechanism and neurophysiological basis of attention bias of athletes in stress situations. It will be helpful to understand their cognitive process and characteristics in the course of competition, and can provide the basis for specific attention training and regulation before the match. Methods: positive, neutral, negative emotional face images are used as stimulative materials. Using cue-target paradigm and event-related potential technique, 25 athletes were tested for attentional behaviors under both stress and non-stress situations. Results: behavioral data showed that, In stress situations, the response time of subjects with negative emotional faces as cues was longer than that of neutral and positive emotional faces, and EEG data showed that, compared with effective cues, the response time of subjects with invalid cues was longer than that with neutral and positive emotional faces. The amplitude of P1 and P300 induced by the target behind the emotional face was larger than that induced by the target after the negative emotional face under the stress situation, and the amplitude of P300 was higher than that of the target after the negative emotional face under the stress situation. Conclusion: the attention bias of athletes in stress situations is to extricate themselves from the attention of negative (threatening) information. The changes of EEG can explain the neurophysiological effects to some extent.
【作者單位】： 國家體育總局體育科學(xué)研究所;天津體育學(xué)院國家體育總局競技運(yùn)動(dòng)心理與生理調(diào)控試驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：財(cái)政部基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(項(xiàng)目編號:基本15-11)
【分類號】：G804.8
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本文編號：1513581