【摘要】：據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),住宅的能源消耗占全球總能源消耗的1/3,國內(nèi)住宅能耗中空調(diào)及熱能能耗占比達(dá)到55%以上。采取科學(xué)有效的措施降低建筑能耗,特別減小制熱、制冷引起的建筑能耗對建筑節(jié)能有重要意義。太陽輻射在夏季時(shí)是建筑物主要的耗能,太陽輻射產(chǎn)生的室內(nèi)冷負(fù)荷約占空調(diào)能耗的25%。對高層住宅采用外遮陽措施能夠減小進(jìn)入建筑物內(nèi)部的太陽能,從而減小室內(nèi)制冷量的消耗,最終減小建筑物的總能耗。本文使用eQuest軟件構(gòu)建某高層住宅能耗模型,模擬建筑室內(nèi)外環(huán)境,探討全國有氣候代表性的四個(gè)地區(qū)的高層住宅能耗受外遮陽變化的影響。詳細(xì)闡述的內(nèi)容包括:(1)研究的有代表性地區(qū)的高層住宅制冷能耗、制熱能耗和總能耗受外遮陽變化的影響;(2)研究的有代表性地區(qū)的高層住宅單位面積制冷能耗、單位面積制熱能耗、單位面積總能耗受外遮陽系數(shù)變化的影響。本文使用計(jì)算機(jī)能耗模擬軟件設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)造建筑模型,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況設(shè)置建筑的室內(nèi)外環(huán)境、基于不同地區(qū)設(shè)置冷熱源形式。本文根據(jù)全國氣候分區(qū)表,從中選取四個(gè)有氣候代表性的地區(qū)進(jìn)行研究:北京,上海,廣州以及昆明。進(jìn)行如下操作:首先分析各個(gè)研究高層住宅的外遮陽系數(shù)對建筑物能耗影響,分析各個(gè)研究高層住宅三種供暖形式哪種是最節(jié)能的方式;其次進(jìn)一步縱向?qū)⒏鱾�(gè)地區(qū)互相比較,得出這幾個(gè)代表性地區(qū)的建筑能耗受外窗遮陽系數(shù)的影響的變化規(guī)律。使用eQuest分析軟件,通過分析數(shù)據(jù),得出以下結(jié)論:建筑考慮采用遮陽措施降低建筑能耗時(shí),對建筑南向采取外遮陽的效果會比其他方向好;不同區(qū)域的建筑物由于氣候、風(fēng)速、方位等因素影響,建筑的制冷能耗、制熱能耗不同,受外遮陽變化的影響也不同;建筑夏季制冷一般考慮使用空氣源熱泵,供暖的方式多樣,研究哪種供暖方式會更加節(jié)約能源,結(jié)合各地區(qū)的氣候分析哪個(gè)地區(qū)耗能最多。中國國土面積大,氣候條件有很大區(qū)別,建筑外的太陽輻射得熱隨著季節(jié)變化逐漸的變化,建筑物的南向與北向外遮陽設(shè)置對建筑節(jié)能的效果不同,研究結(jié)果對建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)有參考作用。在朝向方面來說,南向外遮陽系數(shù)對建筑物能耗的影響比北向大,建筑在考慮外遮陽時(shí)應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮南向,在建筑物窗外設(shè)活動的外遮陽較合適。一個(gè)地區(qū)的氣候與太陽輻射強(qiáng)度影響了當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ哪芎?本文根據(jù)模擬出的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)得出結(jié)論:廣州某高層住宅制冷總能耗最大,昆明的制冷能耗值最小。在建筑物的制熱能耗方面,北京地區(qū)的制熱能耗最大,上海地區(qū)的制熱能耗約為北京地區(qū)的40%,昆明地區(qū)的制熱能耗約為北京的10%,廣州地區(qū)的制熱能耗最小,約為北京制熱能耗的5%。北京的總能耗值最大,上海地區(qū)與廣州地區(qū)的總能耗值相近,昆明地區(qū)的總能耗值最小,約為北京地區(qū)的40%。
[Abstract]:According to statistics, the energy consumption of the house accounts for 1/3 of the total energy consumption of the world, and the energy consumption of the air conditioner and the heat energy in the energy consumption of the domestic house accounts for more than 55%. It is of great significance to take scientific and effective measures to reduce the energy consumption of the building, especially to reduce the energy consumption of the building caused by heating and cooling. The solar radiation is the main energy consumption of the building in summer, and the indoor cold load generated by the solar radiation is about 25% of the air-conditioning energy consumption. The adoption of the external sun-shading measures on the high-rise residence can reduce the solar energy entering the interior of the building, thereby reducing the consumption of the indoor refrigerating capacity, and finally reducing the total energy consumption of the building. This paper uses eQuest software to build a high-rise residential energy consumption model, to simulate the indoor and outdoor environment of the building, and to explore the influence of the energy consumption of high-rise residential buildings in the four regions with the climate representative in the whole country. the contents of the detailed description include: (1) the influence of the refrigeration energy consumption, the heating energy consumption and the total energy consumption of the high-rise residential building in the representative area of the study on the external shading change; (2) the area of the high-rise residential unit area in the representative area of the study is the refrigerating energy consumption, the heating energy consumption of the unit area is increased, The total energy consumption per unit area is affected by the change of the external shading coefficient. In this paper, the computer energy consumption simulation software design is used to construct the building model, and the indoor and outdoor environment of the building is set according to the actual situation, and the cold heat source form is set on the basis of different areas. Based on the national climate partition table, four regions with climate representative are selected to study: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Kunming. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, analyzing the influence of the external shading coefficient of each research high-rise house on the energy consumption of a building, analyzing which of the three heating forms of each research high-rise house is the most energy-saving mode, and secondly, The influence of the building energy consumption of these representative areas on the sun-shading coefficient of the outer window is obtained. The eQuest analysis software is used to analyze the data, and the following conclusions are drawn: when the construction takes the sun-shading measures to reduce the energy consumption of the building, the effect of the external sun-shading on the south of the building is better than the other directions; and the buildings in different areas are affected by the factors such as the climate, the wind speed, the orientation and the like, The cooling energy consumption and heating energy consumption of the building are different, and the influence of the external sun-shading changes is different; in general, the air source heat pump is used for cooling in the building, and the heating mode is diverse; and the heating mode is researched in which heating mode can be more energy-saving, and in combination with the climate in various regions, the energy consumption is the most. The land area of China is large and the climatic conditions are very different. The solar radiation in the outside of the building is changed gradually with the change of the seasons. The effect of the south and the north of the building on the building energy efficiency is different. The research results have a reference to the design of the energy-saving design. In the aspect of orientation, the effect of the south-to-outer sun-shading coefficient on the energy consumption of the building is greater than that of the north, and the construction should take priority into consideration when the external sun-shading is taken into account, and the external sun-shading of the activity outside the building window is suitable. The climate and solar radiation intensity in a region affect the energy consumption of the local buildings. According to the simulated experimental data, the conclusion is that the total energy consumption of the refrigeration in a certain high-rise residence in Guangzhou is the largest, and the cooling energy consumption of Kunming is the smallest. In terms of the heating energy consumption of the building, the heating energy consumption of the Beijing area is the largest, the heating energy consumption in the Shanghai area is about 40% of the Beijing area, the heating energy consumption in the Kunming area is about 10% of Beijing, the heating energy consumption of the Guangzhou area is the smallest, and the heating energy consumption is about 5% of the heating energy consumption in Beijing. The total energy consumption in Beijing is the largest, the total energy consumption in Shanghai and Guangzhou is similar, and the total energy consumption in Kunming area is the smallest, which is about 40% of the Beijing area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU241.8;TU111.195

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