國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)規(guī)劃研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-20 05:20
【摘要】：由于我國國家公園中普遍分布有原住民,在國家公園功能分區(qū)中,區(qū)劃了傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)。眾所周知,社區(qū)發(fā)展與自然保護是相互矛盾的統(tǒng)一體。如何在保護好國家公園自然環(huán)境、生物多樣性、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和風景資源的前提下,實現(xiàn)社區(qū)經(jīng)濟和社會事業(yè)的發(fā)展,是我國國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)規(guī)劃中亟待解決的問題,具有重要的學術(shù)理論價值和實踐意義。本文研究的內(nèi)容主要有:(1)提出了我國國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)的三個基本功能:(1)社區(qū)發(fā)展功能是國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)的主要功能,國家公園建設(shè)目標之一是促進社區(qū)發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)自然保護與資源利用的平衡;(2)保護功能主要是指在保護傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)自然環(huán)境、具有地域特色的傳統(tǒng)資源利用方式的同時,亦需限制原住民的資源利用方式和強度;(3)游憩展示功能是指有效利用本區(qū)優(yōu)美的風景資源和自然環(huán)境,開展游憩展示活動,增加原住民的經(jīng)濟收入。(2)經(jīng)分析論證,國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)的資源具有如下特征:(1)以自然資源為主體,但有明顯的人為干擾痕跡;(2)資源屬性帶有明顯的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展功能性質(zhì);(3)森林和土地等資源占據(jù)社區(qū)自然資源主導(dǎo)地位。國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)的環(huán)境具有下述三個特征:(1)環(huán)境的自然屬性較強;(2)環(huán)境條件優(yōu)良;(3)局部地區(qū)的環(huán)境受到人為干擾活動影響。國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)的空間特征有:(1)邊緣性特征;(2)分散性特征;(3)鑲嵌式特征;上述特征為國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)規(guī)劃提供了基礎(chǔ)性依據(jù)。(3)提出了傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)的規(guī)劃策略,主要有:(1)國家主導(dǎo)、社區(qū)參與;(2)控制社區(qū)人口規(guī)模和密度;(3)控制土地利用方式;(4)約束資源利用方式;(5)引導(dǎo)原住民維持傳統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)生活方式。(4)探討了國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)的規(guī)劃原則,包括:(1)資源適度利用;(2)繼承和弘揚具有傳統(tǒng)地域特色的生產(chǎn)生活方式;(3)經(jīng)濟效益、社會效益、生態(tài)效益三者兼顧。(5)提出了國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)的規(guī)劃目標,主要有:(1)發(fā)展社區(qū)經(jīng)濟,完善社區(qū)公共服務(wù)設(shè)施;(2)保護好自然環(huán)境、生物資源及風景資源。(6)系統(tǒng)地探討了國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)的規(guī)劃要素,包括自然要素、人文要素和空間要素。(7)系統(tǒng)性地梳理了國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)的規(guī)劃方法,其方法有:生態(tài)敏感性分析、環(huán)境承載能力和空間管制等方法,上述規(guī)劃方法適用于國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)。(8)提出了國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)規(guī)劃內(nèi)容:空間規(guī)劃、土地利用規(guī)劃、人口規(guī)劃、社區(qū)公共服務(wù)設(shè)施規(guī)劃、資源傳統(tǒng)利用方式規(guī)劃、鄉(xiāng)村風貌規(guī)劃、道路與交通設(shè)施規(guī)劃、環(huán)境保護設(shè)施規(guī)劃、游憩展示規(guī)劃和鄉(xiāng)規(guī)民約等內(nèi)容,確保國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)發(fā)展符合科學保護與合理利用的要求。(9)構(gòu)建了國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)的規(guī)劃指標:(1)傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)面積占國家公園面積的比值;(2)適宜的人口密度;(3)資源傳統(tǒng)利用方式收入占年收入的比值;(4)人均建設(shè)用地面積;(5)地域性的傳統(tǒng)建筑占傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)建筑量的比例;(6)人均年收入與社會人均年收入的比值;(7)傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)人均可耕地面積;(8)傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)人均林地面積;(9)傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)人均生態(tài)足跡規(guī)模等規(guī)劃指標。以數(shù)值化、等級化的指標控制人為活動干擾影響,為國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)發(fā)展提供可靠保障。根據(jù)上述研究內(nèi)容,將規(guī)劃策略、規(guī)劃原則、規(guī)劃目標、規(guī)劃方法、規(guī)劃內(nèi)容、規(guī)劃指標等,用廣東平遠國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)案例進行驗證,說明上述內(nèi)容對我國國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)規(guī)劃具有理論適用性和實踐可操作性,達到國家公園傳統(tǒng)利用區(qū)自然保護與資源利用的平衡。
[Abstract]:As a result of the widespread distribution of indigenous people in national parks in our country, the traditional utilization area is divided into the national park functional division. It is well known that community development and natural protection are contradictory and unified. How to realize the development of the community economy and the social cause under the premise of protecting the natural environment, the biological diversity, the ecosystem and the scenery resources of the national park is the problem to be solved urgently in the planning of the traditional utilization area of the national park of our country, which is of great academic theoretical value and practical significance. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) The three basic functions of the traditional utilization area of national park are put forward: (1) The function of community development is the main function of the traditional utilization area of national park, and one of the goals of national park construction is to promote the development of the community. the balance of natural protection and resource utilization is realized; (2) the protection function mainly refers to the traditional resource utilization mode with local characteristics in the protection of the natural environment of the traditional utilization area, and also needs to limit the resource utilization mode and the strength of the first people; (3) The function of the recreation exhibition refers to the effective utilization of the beautiful scenery resources and the natural environment in this area, to carry out the recreation exhibition activities and to increase the economic income of the first people. (2) Through the analysis and demonstration, the resources of the traditional utilization area of the national park have the following characteristics: (1) the natural resource is the main body, but there is obvious artificial interference trace; (2) the resource attribute has obvious economic development function property; (3) The resources of forests and land occupy the dominant position of the community's natural resources. The environment of the traditional utilization area of the national park has the following three characteristics: (1) the natural attribute of the environment is strong; (2) the environmental condition is excellent; and (3) the environment in the local area is affected by the man-made interference activities. The spatial characteristics of the traditional utilization area of the national park include: (1) the edge characteristics; (2) the dispersion characteristics; (3) the mosaic feature; the above-mentioned characteristics provide a basic basis for the traditional utilization area planning of the national park. (3) The planning strategy of the traditional utilization area is proposed, which mainly includes: (1) State-led and community participation; (2) controlling the scale and density of the community; (3) controlling the land-use mode; and (4) restricting the resource utilization mode; (5) To guide the first people to maintain the traditional way of production and living. (4) The planning principles of the traditional utilization area of national park are discussed, including: (1) the proper utilization of resources; (2) the inheritance and promotion of the way of production and life with the traditional regional characteristics; (3) the balance of economic, social and ecological benefits. (5) The planning goal of the traditional utilization area of the national park is put forward, mainly: (1) develop the community economy and improve the community public service facilities; and (2) protect the natural environment, the biological resources and the scenery resources. (6) The planning elements of the traditional utilization area of the national park are systematically discussed, including the natural elements, the human elements and the spatial elements. (7) The planning method of the traditional utilization area of the national park is systematically combed, and the method is as follows: ecological sensitivity analysis, environment carrying capacity and space control method, and the planning method is applicable to the traditional utilization area of the national park. (8) The planning contents of the national park's traditional utilization area are proposed: space planning, land use planning, population planning, community public service facility planning, resource traditional utilization mode planning, rural landscape planning, road and traffic facilities planning and environmental protection facilities planning. It is necessary to ensure that the development of the traditional utilization area of the national park is in accordance with the requirements of the scientific protection and the rational utilization. (9) The planning index of the traditional utilization area of the national park is constructed: (1) the area of the traditional utilization area is the ratio of the area of the national park; (2) the appropriate population density; (3) the income of the traditional utilization mode of the resources accounts for the ratio of the annual income; (4) the per capita construction land area; (5) the regional traditional architecture accounts for the proportion of the traditional utilization area building quantity; (6) the ratio of the annual income of the per capita to the annual income of the society; (7) the per-capita arable land area of the traditional utilization area; and (8) the per-capita land area per person in the traditional utilization area; (9) Planning indexes such as the per-capita ecological footprint of the traditional utilization area. In order to provide a reliable guarantee for the development of the traditional utilization area of the national park, the influence of man-made activities is controlled by the index of numerical value and level. according to the above research content, the planning strategy, the planning principle, the planning target, the planning method, the planning content, the planning index and the like are used to verify the traditional utilization area case of the Guangdong Pingyuan National Park, It is pointed out that the above-mentioned contents have the theoretical applicability and practical operability for the traditional utilization area planning of national park in China, and the balance of natural protection and resource utilization of the traditional utilization area of national park is achieved.
【學位授予單位】：廣州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU986.54
本文編號：2481385
[Abstract]:As a result of the widespread distribution of indigenous people in national parks in our country, the traditional utilization area is divided into the national park functional division. It is well known that community development and natural protection are contradictory and unified. How to realize the development of the community economy and the social cause under the premise of protecting the natural environment, the biological diversity, the ecosystem and the scenery resources of the national park is the problem to be solved urgently in the planning of the traditional utilization area of the national park of our country, which is of great academic theoretical value and practical significance. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) The three basic functions of the traditional utilization area of national park are put forward: (1) The function of community development is the main function of the traditional utilization area of national park, and one of the goals of national park construction is to promote the development of the community. the balance of natural protection and resource utilization is realized; (2) the protection function mainly refers to the traditional resource utilization mode with local characteristics in the protection of the natural environment of the traditional utilization area, and also needs to limit the resource utilization mode and the strength of the first people; (3) The function of the recreation exhibition refers to the effective utilization of the beautiful scenery resources and the natural environment in this area, to carry out the recreation exhibition activities and to increase the economic income of the first people. (2) Through the analysis and demonstration, the resources of the traditional utilization area of the national park have the following characteristics: (1) the natural resource is the main body, but there is obvious artificial interference trace; (2) the resource attribute has obvious economic development function property; (3) The resources of forests and land occupy the dominant position of the community's natural resources. The environment of the traditional utilization area of the national park has the following three characteristics: (1) the natural attribute of the environment is strong; (2) the environmental condition is excellent; and (3) the environment in the local area is affected by the man-made interference activities. The spatial characteristics of the traditional utilization area of the national park include: (1) the edge characteristics; (2) the dispersion characteristics; (3) the mosaic feature; the above-mentioned characteristics provide a basic basis for the traditional utilization area planning of the national park. (3) The planning strategy of the traditional utilization area is proposed, which mainly includes: (1) State-led and community participation; (2) controlling the scale and density of the community; (3) controlling the land-use mode; and (4) restricting the resource utilization mode; (5) To guide the first people to maintain the traditional way of production and living. (4) The planning principles of the traditional utilization area of national park are discussed, including: (1) the proper utilization of resources; (2) the inheritance and promotion of the way of production and life with the traditional regional characteristics; (3) the balance of economic, social and ecological benefits. (5) The planning goal of the traditional utilization area of the national park is put forward, mainly: (1) develop the community economy and improve the community public service facilities; and (2) protect the natural environment, the biological resources and the scenery resources. (6) The planning elements of the traditional utilization area of the national park are systematically discussed, including the natural elements, the human elements and the spatial elements. (7) The planning method of the traditional utilization area of the national park is systematically combed, and the method is as follows: ecological sensitivity analysis, environment carrying capacity and space control method, and the planning method is applicable to the traditional utilization area of the national park. (8) The planning contents of the national park's traditional utilization area are proposed: space planning, land use planning, population planning, community public service facility planning, resource traditional utilization mode planning, rural landscape planning, road and traffic facilities planning and environmental protection facilities planning. It is necessary to ensure that the development of the traditional utilization area of the national park is in accordance with the requirements of the scientific protection and the rational utilization. (9) The planning index of the traditional utilization area of the national park is constructed: (1) the area of the traditional utilization area is the ratio of the area of the national park; (2) the appropriate population density; (3) the income of the traditional utilization mode of the resources accounts for the ratio of the annual income; (4) the per capita construction land area; (5) the regional traditional architecture accounts for the proportion of the traditional utilization area building quantity; (6) the ratio of the annual income of the per capita to the annual income of the society; (7) the per-capita arable land area of the traditional utilization area; and (8) the per-capita land area per person in the traditional utilization area; (9) Planning indexes such as the per-capita ecological footprint of the traditional utilization area. In order to provide a reliable guarantee for the development of the traditional utilization area of the national park, the influence of man-made activities is controlled by the index of numerical value and level. according to the above research content, the planning strategy, the planning principle, the planning target, the planning method, the planning content, the planning index and the like are used to verify the traditional utilization area case of the Guangdong Pingyuan National Park, It is pointed out that the above-mentioned contents have the theoretical applicability and practical operability for the traditional utilization area planning of national park in China, and the balance of natural protection and resource utilization of the traditional utilization area of national park is achieved.
【學位授予單位】：廣州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU986.54
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