建筑工人危險感知能力的差異性研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-20 01:28
【摘要】：危險感知機制是建筑工人預防安全事故、保障人身安全的第一道安全防線。目前,針對我國建筑工人危險感知能力的研究相對匱乏。對此,本文從差異性分析的角度對相關問題進行了初步探索,主要研究過程及重要結論如下:(1)本文對建筑工人危險感知的基礎理論進行了梳理,從中發(fā)現(xiàn):建筑工人危險感知能力由危險感受能力、危險認知能力構成;危險感受效果會因危險目標對工人刺激程度不同以及工人對危險目標的敏感程度不同而產(chǎn)生差異;不同工人對不同危險目標的感知方式及感知結果不同。對此,可從不同角度對建筑工人危險感受能力及危險認知能力的差異性進行分析,以此探索建筑工人危險感知能力的差異性,具體如下:(2)本文從建筑工人危險搜索的基本特性、不同施工場景的危險易感知性2個角度對建筑工人危險感受能力的差異性進行了分析,主要研究過程及重要結論如下:1)通過開展眼動測試實驗,對建筑工人危險搜索的基本特性及差異進行了探索。研究表明:工人在封閉、高危、頻發(fā)、直觀、強光、復雜場景中的危險搜索表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于開放、低危、偶發(fā)、模糊、弱光、簡單場景,表現(xiàn)為工人對危險目標的首次或者整體發(fā)現(xiàn)速度更快、危險信息提取效率更高。2)通過開展計算機模擬實驗、眼動測試實驗,探索了不同施工場景的危險易感知性差異及其影響。研究表明:封閉、低危、頻發(fā)、直觀、弱光、簡單場景中的危險目標對工人的刺激程度更強,但工人對開放、高危、偶發(fā)、模糊、強光、復雜場景中危險目標的敏感性更高;工人在封閉、低危、偶發(fā)、直觀、強光、簡單場景中以目標導向搜索模式為主,開放、高危、頻發(fā)、模糊、弱光、復雜場景中以任務驅(qū)動搜索模式為主;工人對封閉、頻發(fā)、直觀、弱光、復雜場景中危險目標搜索情況優(yōu)于開放、偶發(fā)、模糊、強光、簡單場景,表現(xiàn)為搜索結果準確性更高、敏感性偏差程度更小、危險搜索受干擾度更小;工人危險搜索的興趣區(qū)域集中于自身視線范圍的中間區(qū)域。(3)本文以心理測量的方式,從事故特點、人口學特征2個角度對建筑工人危險認知能力的差異性進行了分析,主要研究過程及重要結論如下:1)事故特點視角下的建筑工人危險認知差異方面,研究表明:事故危險程度評分結果與事故后果嚴重程度正相關,危險認知結果差異程度與事故后果嚴重程度負相關,建筑工人危險敏感性與事故發(fā)生可能性負相關;對于低危事故,危險程度評分結果與危險特征直觀程度負相關;對于高危事故,危險程度評分結果與危險特征直觀性正相關,危險認知結果差異程度與事故后果嚴重程度負相關。2)人口學特征視角下的建筑工人危險認知差異方面,研究表明:建筑工人的危險敏感性水平與工人經(jīng)驗積累變化近似呈“U”形曲線變化,危險認知偏差及認知能力水平與經(jīng)驗積累分別成負相關、正相關。建筑工人的危險敏感性、認知偏差及認知能力水平與工人文化素質(zhì)分別成正相關、負相關、正相關,與工作情境優(yōu)劣分別成正相關、負相關、正相關。工人經(jīng)驗不足時易發(fā)生代表性認知偏差,經(jīng)驗積累相對豐富時易出現(xiàn)易得性偏差、過度自信偏差,經(jīng)驗更為豐富時易出現(xiàn)歸因偏差、過度自信偏差;較低文化素質(zhì)工人易出現(xiàn)代表性認知偏差,而較高文化素質(zhì)工人易出現(xiàn)過度自信及歸因偏差;工人所處工作情境較差時易出現(xiàn)易得性偏差。
[Abstract]:The risk perception mechanism is the first safe line of defense for the construction workers to prevent the safety accidents and guarantee the personal safety. At present, the research on the risk perception ability of construction workers in China is relatively scarce. In this paper, the paper makes a preliminary exploration on the related problems from the angle of the difference analysis, and the main research process and the important conclusion are as follows: (1) The basic theory of the construction worker's hazard perception is analyzed, from which it is found that the construction worker's risk perception ability is made of the dangerous feeling ability, The risk perception effect is different from that of the hazard target to the worker's degree of stimulation and the degree of sensitivity of the worker to the dangerous target; the different workers' perception of the different dangerous target and the perceived result are different. In this way, the difference of the construction worker's risk perception ability and the risk cognition ability can be analyzed from different angles to explore the difference of the construction worker's risk perception ability, as follows: (2) The basic characteristics of the construction worker's dangerous search are as follows: The difference of the risk perception ability of the construction workers is analyzed by the hazard-sensitive two angles of different construction scenarios. The main research process and the important conclusions are as follows:1) The basic characteristics and differences of the construction worker's dangerous search are explored by carrying out the eye movement test experiment. The research shows that the risk search of workers in the closed, high-risk, frequent, intuitive, strong light and complex scene is superior to that of the open, low-risk, sporadic, fuzzy, weak-light and simple scene, which is the first time or the whole discovery speed of the worker to the dangerous target is faster, The risk information extraction efficiency is higher.2) By carrying out the computer simulation experiment and the eye movement test experiment, the risk-sensitive difference and the influence of different construction scenes are explored. The research shows that the risk target in the closed, low-risk, frequent, direct, low-light and simple scene is stronger than that of the workers, but the workers are more sensitive to the risk target in the open, high-risk, sporadic, fuzzy, strong-light and complex scenes; and the workers are in the closed, low-risk and sporadic, Intuitive, strong light, the target-oriented search mode is the main, open, high-risk, frequent, fuzzy, low-light, complex scene with the task-driven search mode in the simple scene; the worker is superior to the open, frequent, intuitive, weak light, and the dangerous target search in the complex scene is better than that of the open, Incidental, fuzzy, strong light and simple scene show that the accuracy of the search results is higher, the degree of sensitivity deviation is smaller, the risk search is less disturbed, and the area of interest of the worker's dangerous search is concentrated in the middle area of its own line of sight. (3) In this paper, the difference of the risk cognition ability of the construction workers is analyzed from the accident characteristics and the demographic characteristics in the way of the psychological measurement. The main research process and the important conclusion are as follows:1) The construction worker's dangerous cognitive difference in the perspective of the accident characteristics, The result of the study shows that the result of the accident risk degree is positively related to the severity of the accident, and the difference of the risk cognition result is negatively correlated with the severity of the accident, and the risk sensitivity of the construction worker is negatively correlated with the occurrence probability of the accident; and for the low-risk accident, the result of the risk degree score is negatively correlated with the visual degree of the dangerous characteristic; for the high-risk accident, the result of the risk degree score is positively related to the direct view of the dangerous characteristic, In that aspect of demographic characteristics, the study show that the risk sensitivity level of the construction workers and the change of the accumulated change of the worker's experience are approximately in the form of a "U"-shaped curve. There was a negative correlation between the level of risk cognition and the level of cognitive ability and the accumulation of experience. The risk sensitivity, cognitive deviation and cognitive ability of the construction workers were positively correlated with the worker's cultural quality. When the worker is inexperienced, the representative cognitive deviation is easy to occur, the experience accumulation is relatively rich, the easily-obtained deviation, the over-confidence deviation and the experience are more abundant, the attribution deviation and the excessive self-confidence deviation are easy to occur, the representative cognitive deviation of the lower cultural quality worker is easy to occur, However, the workers with higher cultural quality are prone to excessive self-confidence and attribution deviation, and the workers are prone to easily-obtained deviation when the working situation is poor.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU714
本文編號：2481240
[Abstract]:The risk perception mechanism is the first safe line of defense for the construction workers to prevent the safety accidents and guarantee the personal safety. At present, the research on the risk perception ability of construction workers in China is relatively scarce. In this paper, the paper makes a preliminary exploration on the related problems from the angle of the difference analysis, and the main research process and the important conclusion are as follows: (1) The basic theory of the construction worker's hazard perception is analyzed, from which it is found that the construction worker's risk perception ability is made of the dangerous feeling ability, The risk perception effect is different from that of the hazard target to the worker's degree of stimulation and the degree of sensitivity of the worker to the dangerous target; the different workers' perception of the different dangerous target and the perceived result are different. In this way, the difference of the construction worker's risk perception ability and the risk cognition ability can be analyzed from different angles to explore the difference of the construction worker's risk perception ability, as follows: (2) The basic characteristics of the construction worker's dangerous search are as follows: The difference of the risk perception ability of the construction workers is analyzed by the hazard-sensitive two angles of different construction scenarios. The main research process and the important conclusions are as follows:1) The basic characteristics and differences of the construction worker's dangerous search are explored by carrying out the eye movement test experiment. The research shows that the risk search of workers in the closed, high-risk, frequent, intuitive, strong light and complex scene is superior to that of the open, low-risk, sporadic, fuzzy, weak-light and simple scene, which is the first time or the whole discovery speed of the worker to the dangerous target is faster, The risk information extraction efficiency is higher.2) By carrying out the computer simulation experiment and the eye movement test experiment, the risk-sensitive difference and the influence of different construction scenes are explored. The research shows that the risk target in the closed, low-risk, frequent, direct, low-light and simple scene is stronger than that of the workers, but the workers are more sensitive to the risk target in the open, high-risk, sporadic, fuzzy, strong-light and complex scenes; and the workers are in the closed, low-risk and sporadic, Intuitive, strong light, the target-oriented search mode is the main, open, high-risk, frequent, fuzzy, low-light, complex scene with the task-driven search mode in the simple scene; the worker is superior to the open, frequent, intuitive, weak light, and the dangerous target search in the complex scene is better than that of the open, Incidental, fuzzy, strong light and simple scene show that the accuracy of the search results is higher, the degree of sensitivity deviation is smaller, the risk search is less disturbed, and the area of interest of the worker's dangerous search is concentrated in the middle area of its own line of sight. (3) In this paper, the difference of the risk cognition ability of the construction workers is analyzed from the accident characteristics and the demographic characteristics in the way of the psychological measurement. The main research process and the important conclusion are as follows:1) The construction worker's dangerous cognitive difference in the perspective of the accident characteristics, The result of the study shows that the result of the accident risk degree is positively related to the severity of the accident, and the difference of the risk cognition result is negatively correlated with the severity of the accident, and the risk sensitivity of the construction worker is negatively correlated with the occurrence probability of the accident; and for the low-risk accident, the result of the risk degree score is negatively correlated with the visual degree of the dangerous characteristic; for the high-risk accident, the result of the risk degree score is positively related to the direct view of the dangerous characteristic, In that aspect of demographic characteristics, the study show that the risk sensitivity level of the construction workers and the change of the accumulated change of the worker's experience are approximately in the form of a "U"-shaped curve. There was a negative correlation between the level of risk cognition and the level of cognitive ability and the accumulation of experience. The risk sensitivity, cognitive deviation and cognitive ability of the construction workers were positively correlated with the worker's cultural quality. When the worker is inexperienced, the representative cognitive deviation is easy to occur, the experience accumulation is relatively rich, the easily-obtained deviation, the over-confidence deviation and the experience are more abundant, the attribution deviation and the excessive self-confidence deviation are easy to occur, the representative cognitive deviation of the lower cultural quality worker is easy to occur, However, the workers with higher cultural quality are prone to excessive self-confidence and attribution deviation, and the workers are prone to easily-obtained deviation when the working situation is poor.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU714
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前10條
1 湯洪濤;蘇丹丹;蘭秀菊;柴文超;;基于眼動的多目標視覺搜索績效研究[J];浙江工業(yè)大學學報;2017年01期
2 鐘漲寶;李飛;馮華超;;養(yǎng)老保障能力評估對農(nóng)民養(yǎng)老風險感知的影響及其代際差異——基于5省1573個樣本的實證分析[J];人口與經(jīng)濟;2016年06期
3 郝清民;王麗媛;;寶類基金的感知風險與投資行為[J];天津大學學報(社會科學版);2016年06期
4 張貴祥;;風險認知的兩種哲學視角及其融合趨勢[J];自然辯證法通訊;2016年04期
5 蘇飛;何超;黃建毅;國志興;;災害風險感知研究現(xiàn)狀及趨向[J];災害學;2016年03期
6 張靜;李潔;;基于SEM的建筑業(yè)農(nóng)民工安全行為影響因素研究[J];安全與環(huán)境學報;2016年03期
7 葉貴;陳夢莉;汪紅霞;;建筑安全事故人為因素分類研究[J];中國安全生產(chǎn)科學技術;2016年04期
8 葉貴;李靜;段帥亮;;建筑工人不安全行為發(fā)生機理研究[J];中國安全生產(chǎn)科學技術;2016年03期
9 閆坤如;;技術風險感知視角下的風險決策[J];科學技術哲學研究;2016年01期
10 閆坤如;;工程風險感知及其倫理啟示探析[J];東北大學學報(社會科學版);2016年01期
相關博士學位論文 前7條
1 盧萬媈;基于眼動跟蹤的網(wǎng)絡搜索行為分析與預測[D];北京理工大學;2015年
2 漆巍巍;城市道路擁堵狀態(tài)下駕駛人生理及換道特性研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學;2014年
3 張銘宗;建筑工人疲勞與安全績效的關系[D];清華大學;2014年
4 馬錦飛;不同音樂條件對駕駛員注意及危險知覺的影響[D];遼寧師范大學;2014年
5 都基安;煤礦建設項目安全預警評價體系研究[D];中國礦業(yè)大學;2013年
6 張孟春;建筑工人不安全行為產(chǎn)生的認知機理及應用[D];清華大學;2012年
7 唐智慧;新老駕駛員危險感知差異性研究[D];西南交通大學;2012年
相關碩士學位論文 前10條
1 林宏莉;建筑工人認知偏差與不安全行為關系研究[D];天津理工大學;2016年
2 于曉婷;新手駕駛員危險感知反應能力研究[D];北京理工大學;2016年
3 孫夢丹;視覺復雜度和相似度對視覺搜索作業(yè)中眼控突顯技術的影響[D];浙江理工大學;2016年
4 李冰;基于眼動、腦電數(shù)據(jù)的抑郁人群識別研究[D];蘭州大學;2015年
5 李煥;情緒與礦工不安全行為關系實驗研究[D];西安科技大學;2015年
6 馬云龍;礦工不良情緒影響因素及干預對策研究[D];西安科技大學;2015年
7 安晴雯;風險偏好對礦工不安全行為的影響研究[D];西安科技大學;2015年
8 肖將;駕駛人風險感知效用研究[D];昆明理工大學;2015年
9 李若tD;基于眼動特性的選擇性注意機制研究[D];電子科技大學;2015年
10 朱人可;夜間環(huán)境下城市道路駕駛人視覺搜索模式研究[D];合肥工業(yè)大學;2015年
，本文編號：2481240
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/jianzhugongchenglunwen/2481240.html
最近更新
教材專著
