【摘要】：地表形變而引發(fā)的各種地質(zhì)災(zāi)害不僅嚴(yán)重威脅人們的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,也給國家?guī)砹藰O大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。自然環(huán)境變化和人類活動(dòng)等影響,均可使地表不穩(wěn)定而產(chǎn)生形變,從而威脅人工建筑物、大壩水庫等設(shè)施的安全。因此,有必要對(duì)這些形變進(jìn)行快速、高精度實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測,并分析其形變機(jī)理,以達(dá)到對(duì)形變危險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行預(yù)警的目的。傳統(tǒng)形變測量方法成熟、精度較高,但觀測點(diǎn)稀疏,很難提供大面積地表連續(xù)形變信息,且耗費(fèi)大量人力財(cái)力,還威脅觀測人員人身安全。近年,新發(fā)展起來的地基合成孔徑雷達(dá)干涉測量技術(shù),不僅具有星載SAR的全天候、全天時(shí)等觀測優(yōu)點(diǎn),還能獲取高時(shí)空分辨率和高精度SAR數(shù)據(jù)影像,且設(shè)站靈活,在形變監(jiān)測領(lǐng)域中具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文在闡述地基SAR基本原理的基礎(chǔ)上,開展了一系列形變監(jiān)測試驗(yàn)研究,主要工作如下:首先,對(duì)快速地基SAR的形變監(jiān)測可靠性進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究。試驗(yàn)中,利用快速地基SAR系統(tǒng)和全站儀在同一時(shí)間段對(duì)同一目標(biāo)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測,通過調(diào)節(jié)帶有百分尺的角反射器來控制形變量,表明快速地基SAR系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)測結(jié)果與全站儀測量結(jié)果相吻合。其次,提出了一種改進(jìn)的基于平均相干系數(shù)、振幅離差指數(shù)、估計(jì)信噪比、位移精度指數(shù)的多重閾值地基SAR PS點(diǎn)選取方法,有效提高了所選PS點(diǎn)質(zhì)量。對(duì)比分析了振幅離差閾值法、平均相干系數(shù)法和改進(jìn)的新方法的PS點(diǎn)選取結(jié)果,經(jīng)過實(shí)地現(xiàn)場驗(yàn)證,得出改進(jìn)方法的PS選取質(zhì)量優(yōu)于單一閾值法(振幅離差閾值法或平均相干系數(shù)法)所得的結(jié)果。最后,PS點(diǎn)方法大氣校正模型構(gòu)建與大氣校正試驗(yàn)。并對(duì)監(jiān)測結(jié)果進(jìn)行改正。利用改進(jìn)的PS點(diǎn)方法對(duì)月湖橋和邊坡試驗(yàn)區(qū)中的PS點(diǎn)提取。月湖橋試驗(yàn)中通過PS點(diǎn)選取了PSC穩(wěn)定點(diǎn),利用全局PSC點(diǎn)進(jìn)行大氣校正,通過對(duì)比分析提取的9個(gè)PS點(diǎn)改正前后的形變曲線,說明全局PSC點(diǎn)大氣校正方法在此試驗(yàn)中取得了較好的改正結(jié)果。邊坡試驗(yàn)中通過人工選取PS穩(wěn)定點(diǎn)構(gòu)建大氣校正網(wǎng),提取其中9個(gè)目標(biāo)點(diǎn)改正前后的形變時(shí)間序列圖進(jìn)行對(duì)比,分析得出在此試驗(yàn)中利用構(gòu)建的大氣校正網(wǎng)進(jìn)行改正有效提高了測量結(jié)果精度。
[Abstract]:All kinds of geological disasters caused by surface deformation not only seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and property, but also bring great economic losses to the country. The influence of natural environment change and human activity can make the surface unstable and cause deformation, which threatens the safety of artificial buildings, dams and reservoirs. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor these deformation quickly and accurately in real time, and analyze their deformation mechanism in order to achieve the purpose of early warning of deformation danger. The traditional deformation measurement method is mature and accurate, but the observation points are sparse, so it is difficult to provide large area continuous surface deformation information, and consumes a lot of human and financial resources, and also threatens the personal safety of observers. In recent years, the newly developed ground-based synthetic aperture radar interferometric technology not only has the advantages of all-weather and all-weather observation of space-borne SAR, but also can obtain high spatial-temporal resolution and high precision SAR data images, and the station is flexible. It has a broad application prospect in the field of deformation monitoring. On the basis of expounding the basic principle of foundation SAR, a series of deformation monitoring experiments are carried out in this paper. the main work is as follows: firstly, the reliability of deformation monitoring of rapid foundation SAR is studied. In the experiment, the fast foundation SAR system and the total station are used to monitor the same target at the same time, and the shape variables are controlled by adjusting the angular reflector with a percentile. The results show that the monitoring results of the fast foundation SAR system are in good agreement with those of the total station. Secondly, an improved multi-threshold foundation SAR PS point selection method based on average coherence coefficient, amplitude deviation index, estimation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and displacement accuracy index is proposed, which effectively improves the quality of the selected PS point. The PS point selection results of amplitude deviation threshold method, average coherence coefficient method and improved new method are compared and analyzed, which are verified in the field. It is concluded that the PS selection quality of the improved method is better than that of the single threshold method (amplitude deviation threshold method or average coherence coefficient method). Finally, the atmospheric correction model of PS point method is constructed and the atmospheric correction experiment is carried out. The monitoring results are corrected. The improved PS point method is used to extract PS points from Yuehu Bridge and slope test area. In the Yuehu Bridge test, the PSC stable point is selected by PS point, and the atmospheric correction is carried out by using the global PSC point. The deformation curves of 9 PS points extracted before and after correction are compared and analyzed. It is shown that the global PSC point atmospheric correction method has achieved good correction results in this experiment. In the slope test, the atmospheric correction network is constructed by manually selecting PS stable points, and the deformation time series diagrams of nine target points before and after correction are extracted and compared. It is concluded that the accuracy of the measurement results is effectively improved by using the constructed atmospheric correction network in this experiment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU196

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