【摘要】：噴漿機(jī)是噴射混凝土支護(hù)的重要機(jī)具,廣泛應(yīng)用于礦山、公路隧道、涵洞、煤礦井巷和水利水電工程。噴嘴是噴漿機(jī)的核心部件,其結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計是否合理以及結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的匹配關(guān)系直接影響噴嘴內(nèi)出口混合均勻程度,進(jìn)而影響噴嘴施工時的回彈量。然而,現(xiàn)實中噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計并不合理,導(dǎo)致在施工作業(yè)中,依然會出現(xiàn)物料混合不均勻、物料粘結(jié)管壁、回彈量大、脈沖現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重等問題。為解決上述問題,本論文做了如下工作:1.運(yùn)用多相流基本理論對噴嘴內(nèi)混合流體建立了數(shù)學(xué)模型。通過理論計算得到噴嘴出口混合流體的速度值和壓力值。分析了噴嘴內(nèi)砂子、速凝劑、壓縮空氣、水泥漿各相在噴嘴內(nèi)部的混合機(jī)理,根據(jù)流體的流動特性選擇了正確的數(shù)值模擬方法和湍流模型。2.對噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)模型進(jìn)行了簡化,在流體前處理軟件Gambit中建立了流場分析模型,完成了噴嘴不同區(qū)域的網(wǎng)格劃分,最后定義了不同的邊界類型。3.將劃分好的網(wǎng)格導(dǎo)入到Fluent軟件對噴嘴內(nèi)混合流體進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,得到了噴嘴內(nèi)混合流體速度場、壓力場、各相體積分?jǐn)?shù)的分布情況。并分析流場分布與噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系,運(yùn)用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計當(dāng)中的均值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差對噴嘴出口混合均勻程度做了定量分析,得到噴嘴內(nèi)不同截面上成分均勻度和速度均勻度。4.為了提高噴嘴出口混合流體混合效果,完成了噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)的初步改進(jìn)。引入正交試驗法,對改進(jìn)后的噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,選取出口成分均勻度和速度均勻度為考核指標(biāo),以泥漿管入射角、預(yù)混合管長度、變徑管長度、聚料管長度為優(yōu)化參數(shù),設(shè)計了16組試驗方案,利用Fluent軟件對16組不同結(jié)構(gòu)模型進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,采用極差分析法對正交實驗所得結(jié)果進(jìn)行處理,得到了各個參數(shù)對噴嘴混合程度影響的主次順序以及噴嘴最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合,研究結(jié)果對噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Grouting machine is an important tool for shotcrete support. It is widely used in mines, highway tunnels, culverts, coal mine lanes and water conservancy and hydropower projects. The nozzle is the core component of the spraying machine. The rationality of the structure design and the matching relation of the structural parameters directly affect the mixing uniformity of the nozzle outlet, and then affect the springback amount of the nozzle during the construction. However, the design of nozzle structure is not reasonable in reality, which leads to some problems in construction operation, such as uneven mixing of materials, bonding of materials to pipe wall, large springback, serious pulse phenomenon and so on. In order to solve the above problems, this paper has done the following work: 1. The mathematical model of mixed fluid in nozzle is established by using the basic theory of multiphase flow. The velocity value and pressure value of the mixing fluid at the nozzle outlet are obtained by theoretical calculation. The mixing mechanism of sand, quicksetting agent, compressed air and cement slurry in the nozzle is analyzed. The correct numerical simulation method and turbulence model are selected according to the flow characteristics of the fluid. 2. The nozzle structure model is simplified, the flow field analysis model is established in the fluid pretreatment software Gambit, and the mesh division of different regions of the nozzle is completed. Finally, different boundary types are defined. The meshed mesh was imported into the Fluent software to simulate the mixed fluid in the nozzle, and the velocity field, pressure field and volume fraction distribution of the mixed fluid in the nozzle were obtained. The relationship between flow field distribution and nozzle structure is analyzed. The mixing uniformity degree at nozzle outlet is quantitatively analyzed by means of the mean and standard deviation in mathematical statistics. The uniformity of composition and velocity on different cross sections of nozzle is obtained. 4. In order to improve the mixing effect of mixing fluid at nozzle outlet, the preliminary improvement of nozzle structure was completed. The structure parameters of the improved nozzle were optimized by introducing the orthogonal test method. The uniformity of the outlet composition and the uniformity of the velocity were selected as the examination indexes, the incident angle of the mud pipe, the length of the pre-mixed pipe and the length of the variable diameter pipe were selected as the examination indexes. The length of aggregate tube is the optimized parameter, 16 groups of test schemes are designed, 16 groups of different structural models are numerically simulated by Fluent software, and the results of orthogonal experiment are processed by the method of extreme difference analysis. The primary and secondary order of the influence of each parameter on the mixing degree of the nozzle and the optimal structure parameter combination of the nozzle are obtained. The results of the study have certain guiding significance for the design of the nozzle structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU643

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