【摘要】：通常認(rèn)為地震引起破壞的主要原因是由于水平向地震作用,豎向地震作用只相當(dāng)于水平地震作用的1/3~1/2。但是最近的幾十年,在高烈度近斷層地震區(qū)多次監(jiān)測到了大量的地震豎向加速度分量,其峰值甚至還大于水平加速度峰值,所以進(jìn)行豎向隔震已成為隔震亟待解決的一道命題。本文對國內(nèi)外豎向隔震和三維隔震等方面的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了綜述,對目前豎向隔震系統(tǒng)的種類、工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)組成和各自具備的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了對比;在此基礎(chǔ)上,針對新型的豎向隔震支座——集合球豎向隔震筒,以橡膠球作為填充的集合球體,開展了一系列的力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)研究,主要完成了以下工作:(1)結(jié)合豎向隔震理論及小直徑隔震筒因素正交試驗(yàn),對隔震筒進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,設(shè)計并制作了三類直徑、兩類高度共六種足尺的集合球豎向隔震筒。(2)通過對集合球豎向隔震筒進(jìn)行豎向力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn),研究了采用單一直徑橡膠球來填充隔震筒時,四種因素(橡膠球硬度、橡膠球填充率、加載頻率、加載次數(shù))對集合球豎向隔震筒的平均豎向剛度與耗能能力的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,加載頻率、加載次數(shù)對隔震筒力學(xué)性能影響可忽略,橡膠球硬度、橡膠球填充率與隔震筒的豎向剛度正相關(guān)。(3)研究了不同直徑及不同高度的集合球豎向隔震筒的力學(xué)性能,從試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析得出,隔震筒在直徑或高度作為單一變量時,筒直徑越大,隔震筒平均豎向剛度越大;筒高度越高,隔震筒平均豎向剛度越小;隔震筒在工作行程范圍內(nèi)的極限承載面壓可達(dá)到5.5MPa~6.5MPa。(4)將疊層橡膠水平隔震支座與集合球豎向隔震筒串聯(lián)組成三維隔震支座,對此三維隔震支座分別進(jìn)行單一水平向、單一豎向和同時雙向加載的擬靜力試驗(yàn),輸入不同的加載幅值和頻率,獲取各種情況下的滯回曲線,對試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分別進(jìn)行對比,進(jìn)一步檢驗(yàn)支座的三維隔震、耗能效果。(5)提出一種計算模型——雙拋物線模型對集合球豎向隔震筒的力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)擬合,并將各影響因素與模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行量化研究,為集合球豎向隔震筒提供了一套完整的力學(xué)性能計算模型的體系。論文最后對上述研究成果進(jìn)行了簡單的總結(jié),并指出進(jìn)一步研究的方向和亟待完成的工作。
[Abstract]:It is generally believed that the main cause of damage caused by earthquake is due to horizontal seismic action, and vertical seismic action is only equal to 1 ~ 3 ~ 1 ~ 2 of horizontal earthquake action. However, in recent decades, a large number of seismic vertical acceleration components have been monitored many times in the high intensity near fault seismic region, its peak value is even larger than the horizontal acceleration peak value, so vertical isolation has become a proposition to be solved urgently. This paper summarizes the research status of vertical isolation and three-dimensional isolation at home and abroad, and compares the types, working principle, structure composition and advantages and disadvantages of vertical isolation systems. On the basis of this, a series of experimental studies on mechanical properties of a new type of vertical isolation bearing, collecting ball vertical isolator, using rubber ball as a filled aggregate sphere, are carried out, and a series of experiments are carried out on the mechanical properties of the new type of vertical isolation bearing, the assembly ball vertical isolation cylinder. The main work is as follows: (1) according to the vertical isolation theory and the orthogonal test of the small diameter isolator, the isolator is optimized, and three kinds of diameters are designed and made. Two kinds of vertical isolation cylinders with six kinds of height were studied. (2) four factors (hardness of rubber ball, hardness of rubber ball) were studied when single diameter rubber ball was used to fill the isolation cylinder. (2) the vertical mechanical properties of the collecting ball vertical isolator were studied by means of the vertical mechanical properties test of the collecting ball vertical isolator. The effects of rubber ball filling ratio, loading frequency and loading times on the average vertical stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the vertical isolator. The experimental results show that the effects of loading frequency and loading times on the mechanical properties of the isolator can be neglected, and the hardness of rubber ball can be ignored. The filling rate of rubber ball is positively related to the vertical stiffness of the isolator. (3) the mechanical properties of the vertical isolation cylinder with different diameters and heights are studied, and the results of the test show that the diameter or height of the isolator is a single variable when the diameter or height of the isolator is regarded as a single variable. The larger the diameter of the cylinder is, the greater the average vertical stiffness of the isolator is; The higher the cylinder height, the smaller the average vertical stiffness of the isolator; The ultimate bearing surface pressure of the isolator in the working range can reach 5.5 MPA / 6.5MPa. (4) the laminated rubber horizontal isolation bearing is connected with the assembled ball vertical isolation cylinder in series to form a three-dimensional isolation bearing. The pseudo-static tests of single horizontal, single vertical and simultaneous bi-directional loading are carried out for the three-dimensional isolation bearing. Different loading amplitudes and frequencies are inputted, the hysteretic curves under various conditions are obtained, and the test results are compared respectively. Further test the three-dimensional isolation and energy dissipation effect of the support. (5) A calculation model, double parabola model, is proposed to fit the mechanical properties of the vertical isolator, and the influence factors and model parameters are quantitatively studied. A complete calculation model system of mechanical properties is provided for the vertical isolator of the assembled ball. At last, this paper summarizes the above research results, and points out the direction of further research and the work to be finished.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU352.12

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