【摘要】：道教作為我國固有的傳統(tǒng)宗教發(fā)展近千年,早已根植于中華大地這片沃土之中。它尊黃帝為始祖,老子為教祖,奉老子《道德經(jīng)》為根本經(jīng)典,以“道”作為它的最高信仰,并且尊從“道”這一核心思想,在其悠久的發(fā)展歷程當(dāng)中形成了龐大而又獨(dú)特的多神信仰體系。通常用三句話即可簡單的來概括中國道教的發(fā)展歷史,即:“起源于黃帝、發(fā)揚(yáng)于老子、成教于張道陵�！钡澜探ㄖ鳛橹袊糯ㄖ闹匾M成部分之一,沿用了其木結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)與院落布局,但在選址、設(shè)計(jì)和建造時(shí),添注了道教信仰和獨(dú)有的文化理念,是具有道教思想物質(zhì)化形態(tài)特征的一種建筑藝術(shù)。縱觀道教的發(fā)展歷史,西安地區(qū)是道教重要的發(fā)源地之一�，F(xiàn)階段由于對(duì)西安地區(qū)道教宮觀的發(fā)展以及對(duì)道教建筑研究的力度還不夠,導(dǎo)致道教宮觀在規(guī)劃建設(shè)、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展與保護(hù)等方面的問題尚為解決。此次主要的研究對(duì)象西安青華宮,坐落于西安曲江新區(qū)的大唐芙蓉園和春臨宮遺址區(qū)內(nèi),歷史上規(guī)模宏大,始建于商周武王伐紂時(shí)期,即鎬京東南郊外“太乙祖廟”舊址,為歷史上皇家祭祀廟院。青華宮作為道教圣地,如今卻被地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目包圍,隨時(shí)有被拆除的可能。本文針對(duì)以上問題,宏觀上通過調(diào)研國內(nèi)多座名聞遐邇的道教宮觀,針對(duì)其選址、布局、形制、裝飾藝術(shù)以及所含有的文化內(nèi)容等方面進(jìn)行研究,并且將這些內(nèi)容進(jìn)行比對(duì)和分析,總結(jié)出道教建筑所具有的形態(tài)特征,微觀上從道教文化和地域文化出發(fā),對(duì)西安青華宮進(jìn)行深度解析,并且羅列出青華宮現(xiàn)狀所存在的場地規(guī)劃布局,建筑單體設(shè)計(jì),發(fā)展傳承等一系列問題,接著將“道法自然”、“遵道貴德”、“天人合一”等道教思想與“玄空風(fēng)水”理論相結(jié)合,提出相應(yīng)的解決方法與策略,因地制宜的將理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合對(duì)西安青華宮進(jìn)行規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì),合理利用其空間,著力于宗教朝拜、文化傳播、養(yǎng)生培訓(xùn)等方面的建設(shè),以打造成為“慈善文化圣地”為目標(biāo)。同時(shí)也希望能夠?yàn)榻窈蟮澜虒m觀的規(guī)劃建設(shè)和保護(hù)利用提供有效的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Taoism, as an inherent traditional religion in China, has been rooted in the fertile soil of China for nearly a thousand years. It respected the Yellow Emperor as its ancestor, Laozi as its ancestor, and followed Laozi's "Tao" as its fundamental classic, taking "Tao" as its highest belief, and respecting the core thought of "Tao". In its long history of development has formed a huge and unique polytheistic belief system. Usually, three sentences can be used to summarize the development history of Chinese Taoism, that is, "originated from the Yellow Emperor, developed in Laozi, and educated in Zhang Daoling." Taoist architecture, as one of the important components of ancient Chinese architecture, has followed its wooden structure technology and yard layout, but it has added Taoist beliefs and unique cultural ideas to the site selection, design and construction. It is a kind of architectural art with materialized form of Taoism thought. Throughout the history of Taoism, Xi'an is an important birthplace of Taoism. At present, the development of Taoist temple in Xi'an area and the study of Taoist architecture are not enough, leading to the problems of planning, construction, coordinated development and protection of Taoist temple are still solved. The main object of this study, Xi'an Qinghua Palace, is located in the site of Furong Garden in Datang and the site of the Spring Palace in the new district of Qujiang, Xi'an. It was built on a large scale in history and was built during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, that is, the site of the "Taiyi ancestral Temple" on the outskirts of the southeast of Haojing. For the history of the Royal Temple of worship. Qinghua Palace, as a Taoist shrine, is now surrounded by real estate projects and may be demolished at any time. In view of the above problems, through the macroscopic investigation and investigation of many famous Taoist temples in China, this paper studies its location, layout, shape, decorative art and the cultural content it contains. And compared and analyzed these contents, summarized the Taoist architecture has the form characteristic, from the Taoist culture and the regional culture, carries on the deep analysis to the Xi'an Qinghua Palace from the microscopic aspect, And it lists a series of problems, such as site layout, single architectural design, development and inheritance, which exist in the present situation of Qinghua Palace. Then, it will "follow the law of nature" and "follow the road of virtue." The Taoist thought of "harmony of nature and man" and the theory of "metaphysical fengshui" are combined, and the corresponding solutions and strategies are put forward to plan and design the Qinghua Palace in Xi'an in accordance with local conditions, and to make rational use of its space. Focus on religious worship, cultural dissemination, health training and other aspects of the construction, in order to become a "charitable cultural shrine" as the goal. At the same time, it also hopes to provide an effective reference for the planning, construction and protection of Taoist temples in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU252

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