【摘要】：我國華北寒冷地區(qū)夏季炎熱,能源需求量大,準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算制冷負(fù)荷,提高能源的綜合利用效率,已成為亟待解決的課題之一。對(duì)建筑墻體傳熱過程的研究是建筑采暖空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ),也是建筑能耗分析的依據(jù)。建筑墻體利用自身多孔吸放濕特性可有效調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)的溫濕度,降低夏季空調(diào)能耗。對(duì)建筑墻體內(nèi)部熱濕遷移的精確分析有助于更好的理解墻體內(nèi)部的溫度及濕度變化及其對(duì)室內(nèi)參數(shù)的影響,有效促進(jìn)建筑節(jié)能。本文采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究相結(jié)合的方式探究了濕遷移對(duì)建筑墻體和室內(nèi)環(huán)境的影響。通過對(duì)建筑墻體熱濕空氣耦合傳熱傳質(zhì)過程的分析,建立了以溫度和相對(duì)濕度為驅(qū)動(dòng)勢的建筑墻體熱濕空氣耦合傳遞方程,并采用集中參數(shù)法建立室內(nèi)環(huán)境熱濕平衡方程;再以建筑墻體內(nèi)壁面為橋梁,將建筑墻體模型和室內(nèi)環(huán)境模型整合成為建筑物熱濕空氣耦合傳遞模型(HAM模型)�；诒疚乃ǖ腍AM模型,采用有限元方法,模擬建筑墻體及室內(nèi)環(huán)境的熱濕耦合傳遞過程。首先對(duì)濟(jì)南地區(qū)夏季典型建筑墻體的傳熱傳質(zhì)過程進(jìn)行了研究,分別探討了普通建筑墻體和含有調(diào)濕層的建筑墻體的熱濕空氣耦合傳遞過程,結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)室外溫度高于建筑墻體溫度時(shí),考慮傳濕工況下的墻體內(nèi)部溫度上升幅度和上升速率小于不考慮傳濕時(shí);相變潛熱量占總傳熱量的比重大;初始條件相同時(shí),建筑墻體內(nèi)層為調(diào)濕層的工況下通過內(nèi)壁面的濕流密度值是普通建筑材料內(nèi)層工況的1.12倍,且調(diào)濕層吸收的濕分大于普通內(nèi)層;計(jì)算選取的3種調(diào)濕材料中,通過硅藻土內(nèi)層壁面的濕流密度最大,硅藻土的調(diào)濕性能最好。然后對(duì)含調(diào)濕材料的建筑墻體吸放濕特性對(duì)室內(nèi)環(huán)境的影響進(jìn)行了研究分析,結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)室內(nèi)環(huán)境的溫濕度因內(nèi)部熱源及濕源影響而出現(xiàn)波動(dòng)時(shí),利用調(diào)濕材料的吸放濕可以減弱室內(nèi)環(huán)境溫濕度的變化,室內(nèi)參數(shù)的變化量與調(diào)濕材料性能密切相關(guān);隨厚度增加,調(diào)濕層的調(diào)濕能力增強(qiáng),室內(nèi)環(huán)境的溫濕度場因外部擾動(dòng)的波動(dòng)明顯減弱;室內(nèi)溫度和相對(duì)濕度受相同外界條件影響升高時(shí),24小時(shí)內(nèi)考慮建筑墻體內(nèi)壁面與室內(nèi)環(huán)境的濕遷移時(shí)的室內(nèi)相對(duì)濕度值比不考慮濕遷移的低0.05左右、溫度值比不考慮濕遷移的高0.07℃左右,濕遷移對(duì)室內(nèi)環(huán)境的溫濕度的影響不可以忽略。最后搭建了1.6m*1.6m*2m溫濕度可控小室,實(shí)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)精確的溫濕度控制,在墻體內(nèi)部不同深度及室內(nèi)布置測點(diǎn),并利用高精度的溫度和濕度傳感器對(duì)各測點(diǎn)進(jìn)行溫濕度監(jiān)測,實(shí)驗(yàn)探討建筑墻體及室內(nèi)的溫濕度變化規(guī)律,為數(shù)值模擬提供了相應(yīng)的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The cold area of North China is hot in summer and the demand for energy is large. It has become one of the urgent problems to calculate the refrigeration load accurately and to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy. The research on the heat transfer process of building wall is the basis of the design of building heating and air conditioning system, and also the basis of building energy consumption analysis. The building wall can adjust indoor temperature and humidity effectively and reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning in summer by using the characteristics of porous moisture absorption and desorption. The accurate analysis of heat and moisture transfer in building wall is helpful to better understand the change of temperature and humidity inside wall and its influence on indoor parameters, and to promote building energy saving effectively. In this paper, the influence of wet migration on building wall and indoor environment is studied by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental study. Based on the analysis of the coupled heat and mass transfer process of the building wall, the coupled heat and humidity transfer equation with the driving force of temperature and relative humidity is established, and the indoor heat and moisture balance equation is established by using the concentrated parameter method. Then, the building wall model and the indoor environment model are integrated into the heat and wet air coupling transfer model (HAM model) with the inner wall surface of the building wall as the bridge. Based on the HAM model established in this paper, a finite element method is used to simulate the heat and moisture transfer process of building wall and indoor environment. Firstly, the heat and mass transfer process of typical building wall in Jinan area in summer is studied, and the coupled heat and humidity air transfer process between ordinary building wall and building wall with humidifying layer is discussed respectively. The results show that when the outdoor temperature is higher than the building wall temperature, the increasing range and the rising rate of the wall internal temperature under the condition of considering the moisture transfer are smaller than those without the consideration of the moisture transfer. The proportion of phase change latent heat in the total heat transfer is large; When the initial conditions are the same, the wet flow density through the inner wall is 1.12 times higher than that of the common building material under the condition that the inner layer of the building wall is a humidity-regulating layer, and the moisture absorption of the humidity-adjusting layer is larger than that of the common inner layer. Among the three humidifying materials, the wet flow density of diatomite inner wall is the largest, and diatomite has the best humidification performance. Then, the influence of moisture absorption and desorption characteristics on indoor environment is studied and analyzed. The results show that when the temperature and humidity of indoor environment fluctuate due to the influence of internal heat source and wet source, The change of indoor temperature and humidity can be weakened by moisture absorption and desorption of humidity-regulating material, and the change of indoor parameters is closely related to the properties of humidity-regulating material. With the increase of the thickness, the humidity-regulating ability of the humidity-regulating layer increases, and the temperature and humidity field in the indoor environment weakens obviously because of the external disturbance. When the indoor temperature and relative humidity are affected by the same external conditions, the indoor relative humidity values when the indoor wall surface and the indoor environment are taken into account within 24 hours are about 0.05 lower than those without considering the wet migration. The temperature value is about 0.07 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2380168