【摘要】：風(fēng)災(zāi)調(diào)查表明,加油站整體損壞的情況比較少見,但其圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)尤其是罩棚局部被掀開以致整個(gè)屋面遭受破壞的例子卻屢見不鮮,嚴(yán)重影響了加油站使用功能的正常發(fā)揮�，F(xiàn)行一般采用風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)來確定體型系數(shù),但由于加油站體型的多變性及相關(guān)技術(shù)的限制,此方法造價(jià)過高而無法大量使用。荷載規(guī)范提供的風(fēng)載體型系數(shù)非常有限,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)過程中,設(shè)計(jì)人員只能依據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和規(guī)范參考值對風(fēng)荷載進(jìn)行估算。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)在結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)工程領(lǐng)域的研究中承擔(dān)起越來越重要的角色。本文采用AutoCAD結(jié)合GAMBIT進(jìn)行加油站的幾何建模,在GAMBIT中進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)域和流體域的網(wǎng)格劃分,建立計(jì)算模型。運(yùn)用Fluent軟件采用k SST-ω湍流模型進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,研究不同形狀加油站在風(fēng)荷載作用下的特性,得到了抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)中需要的參數(shù)。具體如下所述:對典型加油站進(jìn)行區(qū)域分塊,圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的平均風(fēng)壓系數(shù)為-1.53,規(guī)范參考值并不適用于計(jì)算圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)壓值。研究各風(fēng)向角下的風(fēng)荷載特性,并給出了最不利風(fēng)向角30度。對不同風(fēng)速下各區(qū)域進(jìn)行研究,角落和屋面的風(fēng)壓系數(shù)差值隨著風(fēng)速增加而增大,針對薄弱區(qū)域建議考慮局部風(fēng)載體型系數(shù)以預(yù)防極端天氣下的破壞。對矩形、圓形、坡形、傘形罩棚加油站結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了CFD數(shù)值模擬,探索了易出現(xiàn)高壓的部位。并針對坡形加油站探討了坡角對風(fēng)壓分布規(guī)律的影響,正方形傘形罩棚探討了風(fēng)向角、矢跨比對風(fēng)壓分布規(guī)律的影響,揭示了不同類型罩棚屋面的平均風(fēng)壓及風(fēng)壓分布特征。探究了工作室對矩形、圓形、坡形類型加油站風(fēng)荷載特性的影響,給出了不同距離下的體型系數(shù)。針對矩形罩棚易在風(fēng)敏感區(qū)域角落和邊沿產(chǎn)生高壓的風(fēng)特性,提出相應(yīng)的幾種氣動(dòng)抗風(fēng)措施能夠降低風(fēng)壓值25%以上。
[Abstract]:The investigation of wind disaster shows that the whole damage of gas station is rare, but its enclosure structure, especially the part of the canopy is opened and the whole roof is damaged, which seriously affects the normal exertion of the service function of the gas station. Wind tunnel test is generally used to determine the body shape coefficient. However, due to the variation of gas station shape and the limitation of related technology, the cost of this method is too high to be widely used. The wind carrier type coefficient provided by the load code is very limited. In the process of structural design, the designer can only estimate the wind load based on the experience and the reference value of the code. With the rapid development of computer technology, numerical simulation plays an increasingly important role in the field of structural wind engineering. In this paper, AutoCAD and GAMBIT are used to model the gas station geometry, and the structure domain and fluid domain are meshed in GAMBIT, and the computational model is established. By using Fluent software, the k SST- 蠅 turbulence model is used to simulate the characteristics of gas stations with different shapes under wind load, and the parameters needed in wind resistant design are obtained. The details are as follows: the typical gas stations are divided into blocks and the average wind pressure coefficient of the enclosure structure is -1.53. The standard reference value is not suitable for calculating the wind pressure value of the enclosure structure. The characteristics of wind load at each wind direction angle are studied, and the most unfavorable wind direction angle of 30 degrees is given. The difference of wind pressure coefficient between corner and roof increases with the increase of wind speed. It is suggested that the local wind carrier coefficient should be considered to prevent the damage in extreme weather. The CFD numerical simulation of the gas station structure with rectangular, circular, slope and umbrella canopy is carried out, and the high pressure position is explored. The influence of slope angle on wind pressure distribution is discussed. The influence of wind direction angle and rise-span ratio on wind pressure distribution is discussed in square umbrella canopy, and the average wind pressure and wind pressure distribution characteristics of different types of roof are revealed. The influence of workroom on the wind load characteristics of rectangular, circular and slope type gas stations is investigated, and the shape coefficients at different distances are given. In view of the wind characteristics of rectangular canopy which is easy to produce high pressure in the corner and edge of wind-sensitive area, several corresponding pneumatic anti-wind measures are put forward, which can reduce the wind pressure by more than 25%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU312.1;TU249.6

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