【摘要】：目前,房屋滲漏問(wèn)題隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,人們的生活水平不斷提高,住宅建筑數(shù)量的大幅度增加,已成為一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題,而且是一個(gè)廣泛關(guān)注的問(wèn)題,這直接對(duì)人們的生活造成了極大的影響,帶來(lái)了巨大的困擾。人們也逐漸開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題,這亦是本論文研究的目的和意義所在。通過(guò)本論文多方調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然我國(guó)開(kāi)始重視建筑防水這個(gè)問(wèn)題,但是結(jié)合我國(guó)國(guó)情,我們的防水水平與國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比還有著較大的差距。主要體現(xiàn)在防水材料的研發(fā)、防水技術(shù)的更新、防水工藝的提升等多個(gè)方面。本文通過(guò)分析建筑防水工程出現(xiàn)的主要質(zhì)量通病,這些質(zhì)量通病主要分部在屋面、地下工程、廁浴間、外墻等幾個(gè)主要部位。本文分別從這幾個(gè)部位并且結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)具有代表性的實(shí)例進(jìn)行論證分析,得出一些結(jié)論:房屋建筑的滲漏問(wèn)題其根本原因主要體現(xiàn)在四個(gè)方面的原因,分別是:材料方面,設(shè)計(jì)方面,施工及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)管理等方面。例如,本文提到混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的滲漏主要是與混凝土的抗?jié)B性有關(guān),而其抗?jié)B性又與混凝土材料的孔隙率密切相關(guān),那么歸根結(jié)底,我們可以通過(guò)施工、外加劑等手段來(lái)降低和控制混凝土的孔隙率,也就改善了混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的滲漏問(wèn)題。而對(duì)于地下防水工程滲漏的主要原因與其復(fù)雜的工程和地質(zhì)環(huán)境有關(guān),如何有效的降低地下水位、選擇合理的防水施工方案、處理好剛?cè)嵝苑浪牧现g的關(guān)系、增加地下室底板和墊層的強(qiáng)度是防治的關(guān)鍵所在;屋面防水工程是受外界侵蝕最為嚴(yán)重的,主要的防治辦法是選擇倒置式屋面,對(duì)防水層進(jìn)行有效的保護(hù);外墻及廁浴間等部位的防水質(zhì)量通病主要出現(xiàn)在細(xì)部節(jié)點(diǎn)上,對(duì)于穿墻、樓板管根處、地漏處、檐口處等節(jié)點(diǎn)應(yīng)采取“一封、二堵、三排”的防治措施。根據(jù)本文的研究,總結(jié)出一個(gè)通用的防治方案,即是首先應(yīng)結(jié)合工程實(shí)際,優(yōu)化防水設(shè)計(jì)方案,選擇合理的、與基層相容性較好的防水材料,嚴(yán)格把控施工質(zhì)量,做好隱蔽工程驗(yàn)收,對(duì)成品采取有效的保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:At present, with the rapid development of economy, people's living standard is improving and the number of residential buildings is increasing by a large margin, which has become a social problem and is a widespread concern. This has a direct impact on people's lives, brought a great deal of trouble. People are beginning to realize this problem, which is the purpose and significance of this paper. Through various investigations and studies in this paper, it is found that although our country has begun to attach importance to the problem of building waterproofing, there is still a big gap between our waterproofing level and that of foreign developed countries combined with the national conditions of our country. Mainly reflected in the development of waterproof materials, waterproofing technology update, waterproofing technology promotion and so on. This paper analyzes the main quality common defects in building waterproofing projects, which are mainly divided into roof, underground engineering, toilet bath, exterior wall and so on. Based on the analysis of these parts and some representative examples in China, this paper draws some conclusions: the basic causes of the leakage of building are mainly reflected in four aspects, namely: material, etc. Design, construction and site management. For example, it is mentioned in this paper that the leakage of concrete structures is mainly related to the impermeability of concrete, and its impermeability is closely related to the porosity of concrete materials. In order to reduce and control the porosity of concrete, the leakage of concrete structure can be improved. However, the main reason for leakage of underground waterproofing works is related to its complex engineering and geological environment. How to effectively reduce the groundwater level, select a reasonable waterproof construction plan, and deal with the relationship between rigid and flexible waterproofing materials, The key of prevention and cure is to increase the strength of basement floor and cushion. Roof waterproofing project is the most serious by external erosion, the main prevention and control method is to choose inverted roof, effective protection of waterproof layer; The waterproofing quality common diseases of the exterior wall and toilet bath mainly appear on the detail node. The prevention measures should be taken for the nodes such as the wall, the root of floor canal, the floor drain, the cornice and so on, such as "one seal, two blocks, three rows". According to the research of this paper, a general prevention scheme is summarized, that is, first of all, we should combine the engineering practice, optimize the waterproof design scheme, select the reasonable waterproof material with good compatibility with the base course, strictly control the construction quality. Take effective protection to the finished product.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU761.11

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