【摘要】：豫西南傳統(tǒng)民居營建工藝是在“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃課題《傳統(tǒng)村落營建工藝傳承、保護與利用技術(shù)集成與示范》的背景下來進行研究的。目前建筑營建工藝的課題為當(dāng)前建筑遺產(chǎn)的保護和傳承,以及非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的提出、研究開啟了新的篇章。在我國以木構(gòu)架為主的傳統(tǒng)民居建筑中,墻體多數(shù)是做為圍護結(jié)構(gòu)而存在并以此進行不斷發(fā)展而不斷演變,民居墻體結(jié)合不同的地域環(huán)境和原生建材會有不同的構(gòu)筑方式和建造技藝,這些技藝的演變都不同程度地反映著地域性、民族性和文化性等。豫西南地域民居存在的形制和結(jié)構(gòu)以及獨特性就是文化交融的結(jié)果,建筑構(gòu)架和墻體的演變再到工藝的改良和適應(yīng)都切實驗證了這一點。為了傳承和保護民居遺產(chǎn),首當(dāng)其沖便是保護豫西南的民居營建工藝,這也是研究的出發(fā)點。再加上豫西南保留比較完好的傳統(tǒng)民居形態(tài)在城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)中不斷受到?jīng)_擊,因此便需要我們對它的營造工藝和技術(shù)進行系統(tǒng)整理,為建筑文化遺產(chǎn)的保護盡一份微薄之力。論題的研究建立在大量文獻調(diào)研和實地考察的基礎(chǔ)上,進行探測豫西南山地傳統(tǒng)民居及墻體結(jié)構(gòu)及營造技藝,收集當(dāng)?shù)匾皇窒嚓P(guān)資料,通過對當(dāng)?shù)貭I造工藝方法的記錄和分析,梳理當(dāng)?shù)貕w構(gòu)造的演變歷史;并在此基礎(chǔ)上對豫西南地理環(huán)境、人文因素和建筑流派的影響做背景分析;最后結(jié)合豫西南民居院落布局形制和建筑墻體結(jié)構(gòu)特征、民居墻體營建工藝三個方面來歸納總結(jié)豫西南傳統(tǒng)民居墻體的營建工藝并做梳理。本文第一介紹了選題意義,相關(guān)領(lǐng)域研究現(xiàn)狀以及本文研究方法和思路;第二章對于研究對象特征做了概述,第三至四章是本文重點,首先劃定了豫西南區(qū)域內(nèi)的分區(qū)研究范圍,總結(jié)并梳理了墻體營造的歷史演變,墻體結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造和墻體構(gòu)件的營造工藝細節(jié),再結(jié)合民居墻體營造實例進行分析和驗證,最后得出結(jié)論來驗證豫西南地區(qū)地域性的傳統(tǒng)民居墻體的營造工藝特征;第五章運用國內(nèi)外創(chuàng)新案例來拋磚引玉出民居墻體未來的營造方式和營造工藝創(chuàng)新點;第六章總結(jié)豫西南民居營建的現(xiàn)狀和保護,并對民居營建創(chuàng)新提出構(gòu)想,第七章進行總結(jié)并展望,為以后民居的保護以及發(fā)展進行展望。
[Abstract]:The construction technology of traditional residential buildings in southwest Henan Province is studied under the background of "the 12th Five-Year Plan" of National Science and Technology support Project "inheritance of traditional Village Construction Technology, Protection and Utilization of Technology Integration and demonstration". At present, the subject of building construction technology has opened a new chapter for the protection and inheritance of current architectural heritage and the proposal of intangible cultural heritage. In the traditional residential buildings with wood frame as the main part, most of the walls exist as the enclosure structure, and the wall structure is constantly developing and evolving. In combination with different regional environment and native building materials, the wall of folk houses will have different construction methods and techniques. The evolution of these techniques reflects the regional, national and cultural characteristics to varying degrees. The form, structure and uniqueness of residential houses in southwest Henan Province are the result of cultural blending. The evolution of architecture and walls to the improvement and adaptation of technology have proved this point. In order to inherit and protect the residence heritage, the first is to protect the residence construction technology in southwest Henan, which is also the starting point of the research. In addition, the well-preserved traditional residential forms in southwest Henan are constantly affected in the construction of urban and rural areas, so we need to make a systematic arrangement of its construction technology and technology, so as to contribute a modest contribution to the protection of architectural cultural heritage. The research on the topic is based on a large number of literature and field investigations, to probe into the traditional residential buildings and wall structures and building techniques in the mountain area of the southwest of Henan Province, to collect the relevant local materials, and to record and analyze the local construction techniques. Combing the evolution history of local wall structure; On the basis of this, the background analysis is made on the influence of geographical environment, humanistic factors and architectural schools in southwestern Henan Province. Finally, combining with the layout of residential courtyard in southwest Henan Province and the characteristics of building wall structure, this paper summarizes and combs the construction technology of traditional residential building wall in Southwest Henan Province. The first part of this paper introduces the significance of the topic, the current situation of research in related fields, and the research methods and ideas of this paper. The second chapter summarizes the characteristics of the research object, and the third to fourth chapters are the focus of this paper. Firstly, it delimits the research scope of the district in southwest Henan province, summarizes and combs the historical evolution of the wall construction. The structure of the wall structure and the construction process of the wall component are analyzed and verified with the example of the building of the folk residence wall. Finally, the conclusion is drawn to verify the characteristics of the building technology of the traditional residential wall in southwest Henan; The fifth chapter uses the domestic and foreign innovation case to draw the brick and jade out the folk residence wall in the future construction way and the construction craft innovation point; The sixth chapter summarizes the present situation and protection of residential construction in Southwest Henan Province, and puts forward some ideas for the innovation of residential construction. The seventh chapter summarizes and looks forward to the protection and development of residential buildings in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川美術(shù)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU241.5

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