【摘要】：近年來隨著社會的快速發(fā)展,土地越來越多的被需求,尤其是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公用和民用建筑等都需要一定的空間,因此特殊土的特性研究、改良和利用就顯得尤為重要。近年來在巖土工程界分散性土是備受關(guān)注的特殊土之一,其抗水侵蝕能力比較差,對水利工程和道路工程等建筑設(shè)施的安全穩(wěn)定性存在威脅。本文結(jié)合國家自然科學(xué)基金項目“寒旱區(qū)土體鹽漬化HTSM多場耦合地質(zhì)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)災(zāi)變演化機(jī)理與工程效應(yīng)研究”,以吉林省鎮(zhèn)賚地區(qū)分散性土為研究對象,對不同埋深的土樣進(jìn)行了分散性鑒別試驗,并相應(yīng)的針對土樣的基本物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了測試試驗,來研究土樣在垂直剖面上的基本物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)和分散性的關(guān)系,根據(jù)實驗室情況本文進(jìn)行了分散性土的三種鑒別試驗,即針孔試驗、雙比重計試驗和碎塊試驗�？紤]到分散性土特性,其遇水后很容易崩解,并且很容易被流水帶走,遇水后抗剪強(qiáng)度、抗沖蝕能力以及其他物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)都有所改變,因而采用實驗室小型邊坡模具和降雨裝置,對吉林鎮(zhèn)賚研究地區(qū)分散性土進(jìn)行室內(nèi)物理模擬沖刷試驗,對分散性土邊坡坡面沖刷破壞規(guī)律及其主要影響因子(分散性土的含鹽量、初始含水率和壓實度以及邊坡坡度)進(jìn)行了研究,并獲得如下結(jié)論:(1)吉林鎮(zhèn)賚研究地區(qū)經(jīng)分散性綜合判定結(jié)果是埋深為10~40cm的土樣和埋深為60cm的土樣為分散性土,埋深為80cm的土樣為非分散性土;土樣易溶鹽含量較高,大體上易溶鹽含量隨著埋深的增加而減小,在垂直剖面上土樣的分散性與其易溶鹽含量變化趨勢相似。(2)分散性土邊坡坡面室內(nèi)模擬沖刷侵蝕破壞的整個演變過程分為三個階段:雨滴濺蝕階段、遇水分散及沖溝侵蝕階段。第1階段沖刷方式主要為雨滴擊打作用,雨滴擊打在坡面表層土體上,坡面上細(xì)小顆粒被雨滴濺蝕,發(fā)生分散、破裂及四處飛濺;第2階段坡面表層的細(xì)小顆粒遇水后開始分解成原級粘土顆粒,土體中易溶鹽逐漸溶于水中,土體的基本物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)發(fā)生變化,各項強(qiáng)度參數(shù)受到影響,部分土顆粒失去其穩(wěn)定性,侵蝕坑開始形成;第3階段隨著降雨的進(jìn)行,坡面徑流明顯增大,淺小沖溝形成,并且不斷加寬加深嚴(yán)重破壞坡面形狀,最終導(dǎo)致坡面完全破壞。(3)根據(jù)室內(nèi)模擬分散性土沖刷試驗,深入探討了初始含水率、含鹽量、壓實度和邊坡坡度等各個因素對分散性土沖刷的影響,研究了分散性土的沖刷機(jī)理及分散特性,為吉林省分散性土的坡面沖刷和水利工程的設(shè)計防護(hù)提供重要的理論指導(dǎo)意義。(4)其他因素也會對土體的分散性有影響,土體中有機(jī)質(zhì)是土顆粒團(tuán)聚的膠結(jié)劑,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量越高,土顆粒團(tuán)聚性越強(qiáng),土樣的分散性越弱;粘粒具有顆粒細(xì)、表面積大的特點,粘粒間存在粘結(jié)力,粘粒的含量直接影響土體的通透能力,進(jìn)而影響分散性土易被沖蝕破壞。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of society, more and more land is needed, especially the infrastructure, public and civil buildings, and so on, so it is very important to study, improve and utilize the characteristics of special soil. In recent years, dispersive soil is one of the most concerned special soils in geotechnical engineering. Its water erosion resistance is poor, which threatens the safety and stability of construction facilities such as water conservancy engineering and road engineering. Based on the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, "study on the mechanism of catastrophic evolution and engineering effect of multi-field coupling geological environment system of soil salinization in cold and arid region", this paper takes the dispersed soil in Zhenlai area, Jilin Province, as the research object. The dispersion identification tests were carried out on soil samples with different buried depths, and the basic physical and chemical properties of soil samples were tested accordingly to study the relationship between the basic physicochemical properties and dispersibility of soil samples in vertical profiles. According to the laboratory conditions, three kinds of discriminant tests of disperse soil were carried out in this paper, namely, pinhole test, double hydrometer test and fragment test. Considering the properties of dispersed soils, they are easily disintegrated and easily taken away by running water, and the shear strength, erosion resistance and other physical and chemical properties change after water contact, Therefore, laboratory small-scale slope mould and rainfall device were used to carry out indoor physical simulation scour test of dispersed soil in Zhenlai area, Jilin Province. The erosion failure law and its main influencing factors (salt content, initial moisture content and compaction degree and slope gradient of dispersive soil slope) are studied. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) the results of comprehensive determination of dispersion in Zhenlai, Jilin Province are as follows: (1) the samples with 10~40cm buried depth and those with 60cm depth are dispersive soils, and those with 80cm depth are non-dispersible soils; The content of soluble salt in soil sample is high, and the content of soluble salt decreases with the increase of buried depth. The dispersion of soil samples on vertical profile is similar to that of soluble salt content. (2) the whole evolution process of simulated erosion and destruction on slope surface of dispersive soil slope is divided into three stages: raindrop splash erosion stage. Water dispersion and gully erosion stage. In the first stage, the main way of scouring is the impact of raindrops. The small particles on the surface of the slope are splashed by raindrops, which are dispersed, broken and spattered everywhere. In the second stage, the fine particles on the surface of the slope begin to decompose into the original clay particles, and the soluble salt in the soil gradually dissolves in the water, and the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are changed, and the strength parameters are affected. Some soil particles lose their stability and erosion pits begin to form. In the third stage, the runoff increases obviously, the shallow gullies form, and the slope shape is continuously widened and deepened, which leads to the complete destruction of the slope surface. (3) according to the laboratory simulation of dispersed soil erosion test, The effects of initial moisture content, salt content, compaction degree and slope on the erosion of dispersive soil are discussed, and the erosion mechanism and dispersion characteristics of dispersive soil are studied. It provides important theoretical guidance for slope erosion of dispersed soil in Jilin Province and design and protection of hydraulic engineering. (4) other factors will also affect the dispersion of soil, and organic matter in soil is a cementing agent for soil particle agglomeration. The higher the content of organic matter, the stronger the agglomeration of soil particles and the weaker the dispersity of soil samples. The clay particles have the characteristics of fine particles and large surface area. There is adhesion between the clay particles. The content of clay particles directly affects the permeability of soil, and then affects the erosion and destruction of dispersible soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU411

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 席福來;潘曉剛;;新疆某工程土料分散性探討[J];長江科學(xué)院院報;2009年08期

2 田堪良;張慧莉;樊恒輝;;分散性粘土鑒別方法及工程防治措施研究綜述[J];水力發(fā)電學(xué)報;2010年02期

3 李華鑾;高培法;穆乃敏;王琳;;分散性土的鑒別及改性試驗[J];山東大學(xué)學(xué)報(工學(xué)版);2010年04期

4 樊恒輝;路立娜;李洪良;趙高文;盧雪清;;不同介質(zhì)環(huán)境條件下黏性土的分散性及其微觀結(jié)構(gòu)[J];水力發(fā)電學(xué)報;2013年04期

5 周加林,張軍麗;關(guān)于分散性粘土特性及其測試的研究[J];西安公路交通大學(xué)學(xué)報;1998年S2期

6 唐自強(qiáng);黨進(jìn)謙;樊恒輝;李凌蕓;;分散性土的抗剪強(qiáng)度特性試驗研究[J];巖土力學(xué);2014年02期

7 黃偉;謝承平;王磊;;某水庫大壩防滲土料分散性研究[J];資源環(huán)境與工程;2012年05期

8 鄭麗娜;黨進(jìn)謙;趙高文;王凱旋;;粘土分散性影響因素試驗研究[J];水資源與水工程學(xué)報;2012年06期

9 李新錫;;新疆北部地區(qū)筑壩土料分散性試驗研究[J];黑龍江科技信息;2013年06期

10 楊小寧;;新疆阜康市白楊河水庫工程土料分散性研究[J];科技信息;2010年17期

相關(guān)會議論文 前3條

1 樊恒輝;李振;周俊;;土料分散性判別試驗研究[A];第二屆全國巖土與工程學(xué)術(shù)大會論文集（下冊）[C];2006年

2 樊恒輝;李鵬;賈莉;張松;;西郊、三坪兩水庫大壩心墻土料分散性試驗研究[A];土石壩與巖土力學(xué)技術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2001年

3 鄧銘江;周小兵;萬金平;羅偉林;董安建;;新疆某水利樞紐大壩心墻防滲土料分散性鑒定及改性試驗研究[A];新疆水利學(xué)會第七次代表大會獲獎?wù)撐募痆C];2001年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 史祥;分散性土變形特性試驗研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2016年

2 任佳寬;吉林省鎮(zhèn)賚地區(qū)分散性土沖刷機(jī)理研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2017年

3 趙高文;黏性土的分散性影響因素及分散性土的改性研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2013年

4 馬曉婷;分散性土抗?jié)B性能的試驗研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2011年

5 孫仲林;分散性土動力特性影響因素的試驗研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2012年

6 唐自強(qiáng);分散性土強(qiáng)度特性試驗研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2013年

7 路立娜;分散性土單軸抗拉強(qiáng)度影響因素研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2014年

8 邊敦典;分散性粘土壩設(shè)計方法及土工合成材料應(yīng)用研究[D];河海大學(xué);2005年

9 巨娟麗;粘土分散性鑒定試驗研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2007年

10 王穎;吉林西部粘性土分散性判別及凍融試驗研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號：2337200