【摘要】：折疊帳篷在野營、搶險救災和臨時住房中越來越受到青睞,它具有材質輕、風敏感性強等特點,為了采光、通風和人流進出的需要,對建筑表面的開洞是必不可少的。房屋開洞后對外部風壓來說,則打開了內部氣體的空間,建筑表面不再只單受外部風壓的影響,而是有內外風壓共同作用,建筑物內外部空氣壓力的影響對于建筑主結構的設計尤為重要,四坡攢尖房屋在墻面開洞和屋面開洞下的風壓分布在國內外規(guī)范中尚無參考依據,故本研究內容為類似建筑的抗風設計提供了一定的理論依據和工程價值。為研究局部開洞下輕型四坡攢尖房屋的內外表面風壓分布、流場特性以及室內舒適度,本文基于計算流體動力學和大氣邊界層的基本原理,采用FLUENT軟件對TTU的足尺風洞試驗模型進行了數值模擬,并與TTU現場實測數據進行對比,探討分析了湍流模型、網格劃分、速度壓力耦合算法等參數的選取對開洞建筑數值模擬的可靠性;在此基礎上,研究了單雙墻面開洞和屋面開洞隨來流風向、開洞大小和開洞位置變化的內外表面風壓分布規(guī)律,并探討與分析了單雙墻面開洞和屋面開洞對四坡折疊房屋體型系數和室內舒適度的影響。研究結果表明:開洞面積的增大和開洞位置的升高對屋頂面屋脊和攢尖尖頂處的負壓峰值系數影響較大;單墻面開洞下內壓系數與理論公式計算值較為接近,洞口位于迎風面時,內壓系數急劇增大,房屋被“掀起”的概率較高,洞口與來流風向平行時,內壓表現為吸力,房屋被“吹垮”的可能最大;雙墻面開洞下可有效降低房屋被“掀起”的可能,其內壓系數可參照國際標準ISO4354、澳大利亞或英國的荷載規(guī)范進行取值;屋面開洞具有提高兩側較低風速和降低中部偏高風速的效果,尤其對雙墻面開洞下作用更加明顯。
[Abstract]:Folding tent is more and more popular in camping, emergency rescue and temporary housing. It has the characteristics of light material and strong wind sensitivity. In order to meet the needs of lighting, ventilation and people flow in and out, it is necessary for the opening of the building surface. After the opening of a building, for the external wind pressure, it opens the space of the internal gas. The building surface is no longer only affected by the external wind pressure, but also by the internal and external wind pressure. The influence of air pressure inside and outside the building is particularly important for the design of the main structure of the building. There is no reference basis for the distribution of the wind pressure under the wall opening and roof opening in the Sipo Zanjian building in the domestic and foreign codes. Therefore, this study provides a certain theoretical basis and engineering value for the wind resistant design of similar buildings. In order to study the wind pressure distribution, the flow field characteristics and the indoor comfort of the light Sipo Shaojian building under the local opening, this paper is based on the basic principles of computational fluid dynamics and atmospheric boundary layer. The full-scale wind tunnel test model of TTU is simulated by FLUENT software, and compared with the field measured data of TTU, the turbulence model and mesh division are discussed and analyzed. The reliability of numerical simulation of open-hole building is obtained by selecting parameters such as velocity and pressure coupling algorithm. On this basis, the distribution of wind pressure on the inside and outside surfaces of single and double wall openings and roofing holes with the wind direction, the size and the location of the holes are studied. The effects of single and double wall opening and roof opening on the shape coefficient and indoor comfort of four slope folding houses are discussed and analyzed. The results show that the increase of the opening area and the location of the hole have a great influence on the peak negative pressure coefficient of roof and the top of the roof. The internal pressure coefficient under the single wall opening is close to the calculated value of the theoretical formula. When the hole is located on the upwind side, the internal pressure coefficient increases sharply, and the probability of the house being "lifted" is higher. When the orifice is parallel to the incoming wind, the internal pressure is shown as suction. Houses are most likely to be blown down; Under the double wall opening can effectively reduce the possibility of the house being "lifted", its internal pressure coefficient can refer to the international standard ISO4354, load code of Australia or the United Kingdom to get the value; The roof opening has the effect of increasing the low wind speed on both sides and reducing the high wind speed in the middle, especially for the double wall opening.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU312.1

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