【摘要】：推土機(jī)是廣泛用于土石方工程中的比較常見的一種工程機(jī)械機(jī)種。相對(duì)于輪胎式推土機(jī),履帶式推土機(jī)附著性能好,能適應(yīng)多種路面環(huán)境,牽引力較大,所以履帶式推土機(jī)的應(yīng)用更加廣泛。履帶行走系統(tǒng)是履帶式推土機(jī)的重要組成部分,它不僅是推土機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)部分,同時(shí)也是整個(gè)推土機(jī)的支撐部分,既承載整機(jī)的自重運(yùn)行時(shí)又承受工作裝置的行駛阻力。行走系統(tǒng)性能的好壞直接影響著整機(jī)性能的優(yōu)劣,所以本文對(duì)高速履帶式推土機(jī)的行走系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究分析。首先,本文介紹了履帶式推土機(jī)的行駛原理,對(duì)履帶行走系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析;并分析履帶與地面的作用關(guān)系,介紹RecurDyn中的地面數(shù)學(xué)模型;對(duì)行走系統(tǒng)的牽引力及阻力進(jìn)行理論計(jì)算,得出了推土機(jī)的最大牽引力和行駛阻力。這些理論分析與計(jì)算,為接下來(lái)高速推土機(jī)行走系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真及履帶板結(jié)構(gòu)分析打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。其次,利用軟件RecurDyn建立整機(jī)的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,并對(duì)其施加約束和定義合適的力學(xué)參數(shù)。根據(jù)高速履帶式推土機(jī)實(shí)際工作環(huán)境,在RecurDyn中建立硬質(zhì)、粘土、干沙三種典型地面模型。針對(duì)高速直線行駛和推土作業(yè)循環(huán)兩種典型工況進(jìn)行整車動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真。仿真結(jié)果表明,該推土機(jī)在不同地面不同工況下負(fù)重輪受力不同,波動(dòng)較大。硬質(zhì)、粘土、干沙地面上驅(qū)動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)矩逐次變大,履帶下沉量也逐次增大,其承載能力依次降低,且驅(qū)動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)矩隨著工作阻力的增大而增大。在高速直線行駛工況時(shí),觀察駕駛室座椅質(zhì)心在垂直方向的加速度,可知在三種地面上該垂向加速度都小于2倍重力加速度,均在人體舒適加速度范圍內(nèi)。另外通過(guò)兩種工況,三種地面條件的仿真分析,得出在干沙路面直線高速行駛時(shí),履帶銷軸受力和履帶板與負(fù)重輪Z向接觸力極值最大,最大值分別為83.3kN和52.6kN,這將作為履帶板有限元分析的計(jì)算工況和載荷極值。最后,為了更好地了解高速履帶式推土機(jī)工作時(shí)履帶板的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域,全面掌握履帶在危險(xiǎn)工況下的應(yīng)力分布情況、變形情況,對(duì)受力情況比較復(fù)雜的履帶板進(jìn)行有限元分析。根據(jù)之前的動(dòng)力學(xué)分析確定計(jì)算工況及約束和載荷,計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,履帶板銷軸局部應(yīng)力較大,但小于所選材料的許用應(yīng)力,符合安全要求。
[Abstract]:Bulldozer is a kind of construction machinery widely used in earthwork engineering. Compared with the tire bulldozer, the crawler bulldozer has good adhesion, can adapt to many kinds of road environment, and has great traction, so the crawler bulldozer is more widely used. The crawler system is an important part of the crawler bulldozer. It is not only the moving part of the bulldozer, but also the support part of the whole bulldozer. The performance of the walking system directly affects the performance of the whole machine, so this paper studies and analyzes the walking system of the high-speed crawler bulldozer. Firstly, this paper introduces the driving principle of crawler bulldozer, analyses the kinematics of crawler walking system, analyzes the relationship between crawler and ground, and introduces the mathematical model of ground in RecurDyn. The maximum traction and driving resistance of the bulldozer are obtained by theoretical calculation of the traction and resistance of the walking system. These theoretical analyses and calculations lay a solid theoretical foundation for the subsequent dynamic simulation of the high speed bulldozer walking system and the analysis of the crawler structure. Secondly, the dynamic model of the whole machine is established by using the software RecurDyn, and the constraint is imposed and the appropriate mechanical parameters are defined. According to the actual working environment of high speed crawler bulldozer, three typical ground models of hard, clay and dry sand are established in RecurDyn. The whole vehicle dynamics simulation is carried out under two typical working conditions: high speed straight line driving and pushing operation cycle. The simulation results show that the load bearing wheel of the bulldozer fluctuates greatly under different ground conditions. The torque of driving wheel on the ground of hard clay and dry sand increases gradually and the amount of track sinking increases step by step its bearing capacity decreases in turn and the torque of driving wheel increases with the increase of working resistance. The acceleration of the center of mass of the cab seat in the vertical direction is observed under the condition of high speed straight line driving. It can be seen that the vertical acceleration is less than 2 times of the gravity acceleration on the three kinds of ground, and all of them are in the range of comfortable acceleration of the human body. In addition, through the simulation analysis of two working conditions and three kinds of ground conditions, it is concluded that the maximum values of the pedrail pin shaft force and Z contact force between the track board and the load-bearing wheel are 83.3kN and 52.6 KN, respectively, when the dry sand pavement is running at a straight and high speed. This will be regarded as the working condition and load extremum of the finite element analysis of track plate. Finally, in order to better understand the dangerous area of crawler when high-speed crawler bulldozer is working, the stress distribution and deformation of crawler under dangerous working conditions are comprehensively grasped, and the finite element analysis of crawler is carried out. According to the previous dynamic analysis, the calculation conditions, constraints and loads are determined. The calculated results show that the local stress of the pedrail pin shaft is large, but less than the allowable stress of the selected material, which conforms to the safety requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU623.5

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