【摘要】：我國建筑能耗約占社會(huì)總能耗的33%,其中由外窗傳熱引起的建筑空調(diào)采暖能耗占建筑總能耗的25%~40%左右。因此,外窗節(jié)能已成為我國節(jié)能減排、打造綠色建筑的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)之一。太陽能作為一種可再生能源,以其儲(chǔ)量大、無污染、高性能而倍受青睞,太陽能利用也成為了人們研究的重點(diǎn)。太陽能光伏窗作為光伏建筑一體化的重要應(yīng)用形式,在利用光電效應(yīng)發(fā)電的同時(shí),能夠在很大程度上減少透過外窗的太陽輻射得熱,被認(rèn)為是實(shí)現(xiàn)外窗主動(dòng)節(jié)能的有效途徑之一。光伏窗的熱電性能受建筑內(nèi)外部環(huán)境影響,目前對(duì)建筑外環(huán)境影響的研究較多,但對(duì)于建筑內(nèi)環(huán)境影響的研究,包括室內(nèi)氣流組織對(duì)光伏窗性能影響的研究卻未見有發(fā)表。因此,本文從建筑內(nèi)環(huán)境影響的角度出發(fā),在太原地區(qū)建立了光伏窗熱電性能實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。本文通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比研究了夏季混合送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)與分層空調(diào)系統(tǒng)下,室內(nèi)氣流溫度和送風(fēng)速度對(duì)非晶硅半透明單層光伏窗熱電性能的影響;此外,本文對(duì)冬季非晶硅半透明雙層光伏窗在分層空調(diào)系統(tǒng)下的熱電性能進(jìn)行測(cè)試研究,并對(duì)不同工況下的建筑內(nèi)環(huán)境熱舒適性進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。本文得出的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)夏季工況下,隨著室內(nèi)氣流溫度的降低,光伏窗發(fā)電性能逐漸提高,但經(jīng)光伏窗傳入室內(nèi)的熱量也逐漸增加。當(dāng)室內(nèi)溫度由26℃降至20℃時(shí),混合送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)下光伏窗的直流輸出功率提高了6.7%,得熱量增加了14.5%;而分層空調(diào)系統(tǒng)下光伏窗的直流輸出功率提高了2.3%,得熱量增加了17.2%。(2)提高送風(fēng)速度有利于改善光伏窗的發(fā)電性能,但相對(duì)室內(nèi)氣流溫度,送風(fēng)速度對(duì)光伏窗發(fā)電性能的影響較小。當(dāng)送風(fēng)速度由2m/s增大到3m/s時(shí),混合送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)下光伏窗的直流輸出功率提高了2.1%;分層空調(diào)系統(tǒng)下光伏窗的直流輸出功率提高了1.2%。送風(fēng)速度對(duì)光伏窗得熱的影響較為復(fù)雜,實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,隨著送風(fēng)速度的提高,光伏窗得熱呈現(xiàn)先增加后減少的變化趨勢(shì)。當(dāng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的送風(fēng)速度為2.6m/s時(shí),光伏窗得熱最多。(3)與混合送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)相比,在相同空調(diào)能耗的前提下,分層空調(diào)系統(tǒng)更有利于提高光伏窗的熱電性能。當(dāng)室內(nèi)氣流溫度為20℃,空調(diào)送風(fēng)速度為3m/s時(shí),與混合送風(fēng)相比,分層空調(diào)系統(tǒng)下光伏窗的內(nèi)表面溫度下降了20.3%,發(fā)電性能提高10.5%,而得熱量則減少37.4%。(4)夏季制冷工況下,當(dāng)混合送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)室內(nèi)氣流溫度為22℃和24℃時(shí),房間工作區(qū)(0.1m≤z≤1.1m)基本能夠滿足熱舒適性要求;但受限于實(shí)驗(yàn)條件,工作區(qū)人體頭部高度位置(z=1.1m)存在由于較高送風(fēng)速度所導(dǎo)致的明顯吹風(fēng)感。分層空調(diào)系統(tǒng)由于氣流組織的特點(diǎn),在夏季制冷和冬季制熱工況下人體腳部高度都存在送風(fēng)速度偏高的現(xiàn)象,且由于熱羽流的作用,房間內(nèi)工作區(qū)人體頭腳高度的空氣溫差都超過了2℃,可能引起熱舒適問題,在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)予以注意。
[Abstract]:The building energy consumption in our country accounts for about 33% of the total energy consumption of the society, among which the heating energy consumption of building air conditioning caused by the heat transfer of the outer window accounts for 25% or 40% of the total energy consumption of the building. Therefore, energy-saving outside window has become one of the key links of energy saving and emission reduction in China. Solar energy, as a kind of renewable energy, is favored for its large reserves, pollution-free and high performance. Solar energy utilization has also become the focus of research. Solar photovoltaic window, as an important application form of photovoltaic building integration, can greatly reduce the solar radiation through the outer window while generating electricity by using photovoltaic effect. It is considered to be one of the effective ways to realize the active energy saving of outer window. The thermal and electrical performance of photovoltaic windows is affected by the internal and external environment of the building. At present, there are many studies on the external environmental impact of the building, but the research on the impact of the indoor airflow on the performance of the photovoltaic window has not been published. Therefore, a photovoltaic window thermoelectric performance experimental platform is established in Taiyuan area from the view of the environmental impact of the building. In this paper, the effects of indoor air temperature and air velocity on the thermoelectric performance of amorphous silicon semitransparent single-layer photovoltaic windows in summer mixed air supply system and stratified air conditioning system are studied. In addition, the thermoelectric performance of amorphous silicon semi-transparent double-layer photovoltaic window in winter is tested and studied in this paper, and the thermal comfort of building environment under different working conditions is compared and analyzed. The main conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) under summer conditions, with the decrease of indoor air temperature, the performance of photovoltaic window power generation is gradually improved, but the heat transmitted through the photovoltaic window also increases gradually. When the indoor temperature is reduced from 26 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2313417