鋼筋混凝土框架結構中樓梯抗震性能研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-17 12:28
【摘要】：樓梯作為建筑物組成部分是重要的豎向通道,在地震發(fā)生時對人們逃生起著至關重要的作用。可是從地震后的災害情況看,在框架結構中樓梯構件和樓梯間角柱破壞比較嚴重,甚至出現樓梯間整體倒塌的現象,喪失了應有的疏散功能。針對框架結構中常用樓梯做法在地震中易于發(fā)生破壞的問題,本文建立了六個模型對樓梯的抗震性能進行研究。模型一采用常用的樓梯做法,是基本的對比模型。由于目前對中間休息平板采用雙向板體系和梯柱采用上下貫通的這樣兩種做法的研究較少,沒有較為一致的結論,建立了模型二和模型三。其中模型二在中間休息平臺板采用雙向板體系,模型三采用梯柱上下貫通的做法,全面深入的分析這兩種樓梯做法的抗震性能,為設計提供可靠的依據。模型四針對樓梯間框架角柱易發(fā)生剪切破壞的問題,采用在休息平臺與樓梯間框架角柱之間設縫的做法。模型五針對樓梯間梯柱易發(fā)生剪切破壞的問題提出采用索代替梯柱的做法。模型六是采用索和滑動支座相結合的做法,使整個樓段板和平臺梁可以和框架結構發(fā)生相對位移,來減小構件內力,同時增加整體結構的抗震性能。為比較分析不同樓梯做法的抗震性能,采用有限元軟件對不同樓梯做法的六個模型進行多遇地震下的振型分解反應譜分析和罕遇地震作用下的彈塑性時程分析。分析結果表明:中間休息平臺采用雙向板體系,雖然減小了休息平臺板兩側的內力,但是在樓梯間進深方向的平臺梁在地震作用下內力較大,容易發(fā)生塑性破壞;梯柱上下貫通做法增加了梯柱的軸力,但是梯柱和樓梯間角柱共同承受地震作用下的水平荷載,減少了柱的彎矩和剪力;在中間休息平臺和樓梯間框架角柱之間設縫,降低了整體結構的扭轉效應和整體結構在Y向的抗側剛度。在Y向地震作用下基地剪力、層間剪力、層間位移角、樓梯間框架角柱內力以及樓梯間進深方向的樓梯間框架梁內力的減小。在彈塑性時程分析中,樓梯間框架角柱的塑性發(fā)展較少,說明在中間休息平臺和樓梯間框架角柱之間設縫的做法基本解決了樓梯間框架角柱易發(fā)生剪切破壞的問題;采用索代替梯柱,雖然沒有梯柱,避免了梯柱發(fā)生破壞。但是在反應譜分析和動力彈塑性分析中,層間位移角較大,樓梯間框架柱、框架梁和平臺梁等塑性發(fā)展較多;采用索與滑動支座相結合的做法,在罕遇地震下的彈塑性時程分析中,層間位移角小于其他模型,結構構件的塑性角和塑性破壞比其他模型少,說明樓梯構件的這種設置方式具有較好的抗震性能。
[Abstract]:Staircase is an important vertical passage, which plays an important role in the escape of earthquake. However, from the disaster situation after the earthquake, the damage of the staircase members and the corner columns in the stairway is serious in the frame structure, and even the whole collapse of the stairwell occurs, and the proper evacuation function is lost. In order to solve the problem that the common staircase method in frame structure is prone to damage in earthquake, six models are established to study the seismic behavior of the staircase. Model one is the basic contrast model, which adopts the common staircase method. Due to the lack of research on the bidirectional plate system for the rest plate and the adoption of the upper and lower connecting method for the ladder column, there is no consistent conclusion, and model two and model three are established. Model 2 adopts bidirectional plate system in the rest platform and model 3 adopts the method of connecting up and down of ladder column. The seismic performance of these two staircases is analyzed comprehensively and deeply to provide a reliable basis for the design. In view of the shear failure of the frame corner column in the stairway, the fourth model adopts the method of setting a joint between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase. Model 5 puts forward the method of using cable instead of ladder column to solve the problem of easy shear failure of ladder column in staircase. The sixth model adopts the combination of cable and sliding support to make the whole floor slab and platform beam displace relative to the frame structure to reduce the internal force of the member and increase the seismic performance of the whole structure at the same time. In order to compare and analyze the seismic behavior of different stair methods, six models of different stair methods were analyzed by finite element software under frequent earthquakes and elastic-plastic time-history analysis under rare earthquake. The results show that the interrest platform adopts a bidirectional plate system, which reduces the internal force on both sides of the rest platform, but the platform beam in the deep direction of the staircase is prone to plastic failure due to the large internal force under the earthquake action. The method of connecting the ladder column up and down increases the axial force of the ladder column, but the horizontal load between the ladder column and the corner column in the staircase is subjected to the horizontal load under earthquake, which reduces the bending moment and shear force of the column; and a joint is arranged between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase. The torsional effect of the whole structure and the lateral stiffness of the whole structure in Y direction are reduced. Under the action of Y direction earthquake, the base shear force, the displacement angle between floors, the internal force of the frame angle column in the stairway and the internal force of the frame beam in the deep direction of the staircase are reduced. In the elastic-plastic time history analysis, the plastic development of the frame corner column in the stairway is less, which shows that the method of setting a slot between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase basically solves the problem that the frame corner column in the stairwell is prone to shear failure. Use cable instead of ladders, although there are no ladders, to avoid damage to the ladders. However, in response spectrum analysis and dynamic elastic-plastic analysis, the interstory displacement angle is large, the plastic development of frame column, frame beam and platform beam in staircase is more, and the method of combining cable with sliding support is adopted. In the elastic-plastic time-history analysis under rare earthquakes, the interstory displacement angle is smaller than that of other models, and the plastic angle and plastic failure of structural members are less than those of other models.
【學位授予單位】：長春工程學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU375.4;TU352.11
本文編號：2276656
[Abstract]:Staircase is an important vertical passage, which plays an important role in the escape of earthquake. However, from the disaster situation after the earthquake, the damage of the staircase members and the corner columns in the stairway is serious in the frame structure, and even the whole collapse of the stairwell occurs, and the proper evacuation function is lost. In order to solve the problem that the common staircase method in frame structure is prone to damage in earthquake, six models are established to study the seismic behavior of the staircase. Model one is the basic contrast model, which adopts the common staircase method. Due to the lack of research on the bidirectional plate system for the rest plate and the adoption of the upper and lower connecting method for the ladder column, there is no consistent conclusion, and model two and model three are established. Model 2 adopts bidirectional plate system in the rest platform and model 3 adopts the method of connecting up and down of ladder column. The seismic performance of these two staircases is analyzed comprehensively and deeply to provide a reliable basis for the design. In view of the shear failure of the frame corner column in the stairway, the fourth model adopts the method of setting a joint between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase. Model 5 puts forward the method of using cable instead of ladder column to solve the problem of easy shear failure of ladder column in staircase. The sixth model adopts the combination of cable and sliding support to make the whole floor slab and platform beam displace relative to the frame structure to reduce the internal force of the member and increase the seismic performance of the whole structure at the same time. In order to compare and analyze the seismic behavior of different stair methods, six models of different stair methods were analyzed by finite element software under frequent earthquakes and elastic-plastic time-history analysis under rare earthquake. The results show that the interrest platform adopts a bidirectional plate system, which reduces the internal force on both sides of the rest platform, but the platform beam in the deep direction of the staircase is prone to plastic failure due to the large internal force under the earthquake action. The method of connecting the ladder column up and down increases the axial force of the ladder column, but the horizontal load between the ladder column and the corner column in the staircase is subjected to the horizontal load under earthquake, which reduces the bending moment and shear force of the column; and a joint is arranged between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase. The torsional effect of the whole structure and the lateral stiffness of the whole structure in Y direction are reduced. Under the action of Y direction earthquake, the base shear force, the displacement angle between floors, the internal force of the frame angle column in the stairway and the internal force of the frame beam in the deep direction of the staircase are reduced. In the elastic-plastic time history analysis, the plastic development of the frame corner column in the stairway is less, which shows that the method of setting a slot between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase basically solves the problem that the frame corner column in the stairwell is prone to shear failure. Use cable instead of ladders, although there are no ladders, to avoid damage to the ladders. However, in response spectrum analysis and dynamic elastic-plastic analysis, the interstory displacement angle is large, the plastic development of frame column, frame beam and platform beam in staircase is more, and the method of combining cable with sliding support is adopted. In the elastic-plastic time-history analysis under rare earthquakes, the interstory displacement angle is smaller than that of other models, and the plastic angle and plastic failure of structural members are less than those of other models.
【學位授予單位】：長春工程學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU375.4;TU352.11
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