【摘要】：隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,城市化進(jìn)程的加快,能源需求將持續(xù)增高。住宅建筑空調(diào)采暖能耗是建筑能耗的重要組成部分,因此我們有必要了解現(xiàn)階段我國住宅建筑節(jié)能發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,并針對住宅建筑能耗特點(diǎn),提出切實(shí)有效的節(jié)能策略。本文主要從提高圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)性能方面分析并提出實(shí)現(xiàn)成都地區(qū)住宅建筑節(jié)能65%的技術(shù)措施。本論文以成都地區(qū)住宅建筑為研究對象,對國內(nèi)外建筑節(jié)能發(fā)展歷程及現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)回顧和分析,總結(jié)現(xiàn)階段國內(nèi)外建筑節(jié)能工作差異。然后根據(jù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)及專業(yè)知識,總結(jié)九個(gè)對住宅建筑空調(diào)采暖能耗影響較大的因素作為研究重點(diǎn),分別是建筑朝向、4個(gè)不同方向窗墻比、外窗類型、外墻類型、建筑遮陽及新風(fēng)指標(biāo)。文中詳細(xì)論述了這些因素對建筑能耗及居民室內(nèi)舒適性的影響。以成都地區(qū)典型住宅建筑為模型,利用建筑能耗模擬軟件Designbuilder,模擬計(jì)算了上述9個(gè)因素單一變化時(shí)對建筑能耗的影響,并且提出不同因素在成都地區(qū)的合適取值。根據(jù)單因素分析結(jié)果,對影響建筑能耗的相關(guān)因素進(jìn)行水平取值,采用正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與建筑能耗模擬相結(jié)合的方法分析上述因素對建筑能耗顯著性作用大小,試驗(yàn)方案確定了 27種工況,研究表明,外窗類型、外墻類型、北向窗墻比、南向窗墻比、西向窗墻比及建筑朝向?qū)ㄖ昕照{(diào)采暖能耗具有顯著性作用,確定了外窗類型及外墻傳熱系數(shù)是影響住宅建筑能耗的主要因素。利用SPSS數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件對正交試驗(yàn)方案的模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行多元線性回歸分析,得到成都地區(qū)住宅建筑能耗指標(biāo)預(yù)測模型,該模型可用于一定條件下成都住宅建筑能耗概算。最后通過設(shè)計(jì)方案分析,在成都住宅建筑節(jié)能50%的基礎(chǔ)上,通過減小外墻傳熱系數(shù),采用鍍膜中空玻璃外窗及限制空調(diào)設(shè)備能效比三方面綜合作用可以實(shí)現(xiàn)住宅建筑節(jié)能65%。且針對不同采暖空調(diào)需求的住宅建筑,提出了不同的外窗節(jié)能改造方案,通過外窗節(jié)能改造,配合能效比提高,基本可以使得建筑能耗相比改造前降低30%以上。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy and the acceleration of urbanization, energy demand will continue to increase. The heating energy consumption of residential air conditioning is an important part of building energy consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the present situation of energy saving in residential buildings in our country, and to put forward effective energy-saving strategies according to the characteristics of energy consumption in residential buildings. This paper analyzes and puts forward the technical measures to realize the energy saving of residential buildings in Chengdu area by 65% from the aspect of improving the performance of enclosure structure. This paper takes the residential buildings in Chengdu area as the research object, systematically reviews and analyzes the development history and present situation of building energy conservation at home and abroad, and summarizes the differences in building energy conservation work at home and abroad at the present stage. Then, according to the relevant literature and professional knowledge, the author summarizes nine factors that have a great influence on the heating energy consumption of residential air conditioning, which are respectively the building orientation, four different direction window wall ratio, the type of outer window, the type of exterior wall, and so on. Building sunshade and new wind index. The influence of these factors on building energy consumption and indoor comfort is discussed in detail. Based on the model of typical residential buildings in Chengdu area, the influence of 9 factors on building energy consumption is simulated and calculated by building energy consumption simulation software Designbuilder, and the appropriate values of different factors in Chengdu area are put forward. According to the results of single factor analysis, the related factors affecting building energy consumption are horizontally selected, and the significance of the above factors to building energy consumption is analyzed by the method of combining orthogonal test design with building energy consumption simulation. 27 working conditions are determined in the test scheme. The results show that the type of outer window, the type of exterior wall, the ratio of north window to wall, the ratio of south window to wall, the ratio of west window to wall and building orientation have significant effects on the annual energy consumption of air conditioning and heating. The type of exterior window and the heat transfer coefficient of exterior wall are the main factors affecting the energy consumption of residential buildings. The multivariate linear regression analysis of the simulation results of orthogonal test scheme is carried out by using SPSS data analysis software, and a prediction model of energy consumption index of residential buildings in Chengdu area is obtained. The model can be used to estimate the energy consumption of residential buildings in Chengdu under certain conditions. Finally, through the analysis of design scheme, on the basis of 50% energy saving of residential buildings in Chengdu, by reducing the heat transfer coefficient of exterior wall, adopting the comprehensive action of coated hollow glass window and limiting the energy efficiency ratio of air conditioning equipment, the energy saving 65% of residential buildings can be realized. According to the residential buildings with different heating and air conditioning requirements, the paper puts forward different retrofit schemes for energy saving of outer windows. Through the energy saving transformation of outer windows, the energy efficiency ratio can be improved, and the energy consumption of buildings can be reduced by more than 30% compared with that before retrofit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU111.195

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