【摘要】：RC框架結構在我國應用廣泛�？蚣芙Y構可通過對各榀框架的合理布置獲取較大的建筑使用空間以及靈活的空間安排,故被廣泛的應用于教學樓、醫(yī)院、商場等建筑。其中,教學樓是教書育人的場所,其人員密集,且教學樓內絕大部分為自救自助能力較差的青少年學生;再者教學樓也常作為抗震救災的應急避災場所,一旦在地震中發(fā)生嚴重損壞,勢必會造成大量的人員傷亡也會在一定程度上影響抗震救災工作的有效進行,可能會造成更大的損失。矛盾的是,框架結構容易發(fā)生應力集中、側向剛度小、承載力相對較低等缺點,又使框架結構成了在地震災害中受損較為嚴重的建筑類型之一。由于人類對建筑物美觀和藝術欣賞的需要,以及建筑場地條件的限制、建筑使用功能的要求等現(xiàn)實條件的限制,在實際使用中會出現(xiàn)一些平面布置不規(guī)則的建筑。而此類建筑不規(guī)則的特性,會使其剛度中心和質心偏離較大、受力情況更加復雜,在地震作用下,會出現(xiàn)更大的扭轉效應和更多的應力集中效應,更容易造成局部或者整體倒塌等嚴重破壞。本文提出了使用有限元非線性時程分析來進行研究的方法來分析平面布置不規(guī)則框架結構教學樓的抗震性能和扭轉效應以及找出此類結構的抗震薄弱環(huán)節(jié),即:本文從實際出發(fā),以蘆山中學教學樓為原型,設置六棟不同的L型平面布置的框架結構教學樓,并通過最不利地震的方法和實際驗算比較選取使結構扭轉效應最大的地震動記錄,最終選取于1949年,在Olympia Hwy Test Lab觀測站點記錄的Western Washington地震動作為輸入地震動,且輸入方式為356分量沿模型X軸方向輸入,86分量沿模型Z軸方向輸入。將該地震動調幅至多遇地震、設計地震、罕遇地震、超罕遇地震所對應的PGA輸入6個工況模型進行時程分析,并以結構的層扭轉角的大小表示結構的扭轉效應的強弱,以結構的層間位移角表示結構整體變形的大小,以各框架柱混凝土的壓損傷值表達各框架柱的破壞情況。通過使用本文中的研究方法進行計算和分析,得出以下結論:1.本文選取地震動時,通過將一條地震動水平兩個分量交換輸入結構的水平兩個垂直方向,得到的結構的層扭轉角各不相同,證明對同一條地震動記錄,其水平分量的輸入方式不同,對結構的影響也不同,故在抗震研究以及結構設計中使用時程分析法進行補充驗算、抗震復核時,選取地震動過程中應當考慮地震動輸入的方向性。2.證實了對于L型平面布置不規(guī)則的RC框架結構,其偏心程度越大,則結構的扭轉效應越強,且整體的破壞也越嚴重。并且,本文得到了L型RC框架結構的整體變形與扭轉效應的關系符合三次函數(shù)。3.在地震作用下,L型框架結構教學樓的薄弱部位是長邊方向的邊榀框架的柱和外側拐角處及附近的柱;通過對比分析,得出了調整L型框架結構薄弱部位分布和降低此類結構扭轉效應的方法,即:可以通過適當?shù)母淖兡承┲慕孛娉叽绲姆椒▉碚{整受損框架柱的分布。若是增大短邊方向邊榀框架柱的截面尺寸,則在超罕遇地震下結構的扭轉效應會增大30%以上,最危險柱的損傷會增大10%左右。若是增大長邊方向的邊榀框架柱的截面尺寸,則在超罕遇地震下結構的扭轉效應能降低18%左右,最危險柱的損傷會降低20%左右;且增大長邊方向的邊榀框架柱的截面尺寸可以使受損的框架柱分布更為均勻,即可證明此方法可以使整個結構的損傷分布更加均勻,也就是說能使整個結構的承載部位分布更加均勻,可以避免薄弱部位的出現(xiàn),從而降低結構局部倒塌的風險。
[Abstract]:RC frame structure is widely used in our country. Frame structure can obtain large space for building and flexible space arrangement by reasonable arrangement of each frame, so it is widely used in teaching buildings, hospitals, shopping malls and other buildings. Young students with poor self-help ability; moreover, teaching buildings are often used as emergency shelters for earthquake relief. Once serious damage occurs in the earthquake, it is bound to cause a large number of casualties and to a certain extent affect the effective conduct of earthquake relief work, may cause greater losses. Because of stress concentration, small lateral stiffness and relatively low bearing capacity, the frame structure has become one of the most seriously damaged building types in earthquake disasters. Some buildings with irregular plane layout will appear in use. However, the irregular characteristics of such buildings will make their stiffness center and center of mass deviate greatly, and the stress situation is more complicated. Under the earthquake action, there will be greater torsion effect and more stress concentration effect, which is easier to cause local or overall collapse and other serious damage. In this paper, the method of finite element nonlinear time history analysis is proposed to analyze the seismic performance and torsion effect of irregular planar frame structure teaching building and find out the weak links of this kind of structure. Finally, the Western Washington ground motion recorded at the Olympia Hwy Test Lab observation station in 1949 was selected as the input ground motion, and the input mode was 356 components along the X-axis direction of the model, 86 points. The amplitude of the ground motion is modulated to the Z-axis direction of the model. The PGA corresponding to the most frequent earthquakes, the design earthquakes, the rare earthquakes and the ultra-rare earthquakes is input into six working conditions for time history analysis. The torsion effect of the structure is expressed by the magnitude of the torsion angle of the story, and the overall deformation of the structure is expressed by the displacement angle of the story. The damage of each frame column is expressed by the compressive damage value of the concrete of each frame column. Through the calculation and analysis of the research method in this paper, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. In this paper, the story torsion angles of the structure are obtained by exchanging the horizontal two components of a ground motion into the horizontal two vertical directions of the structure. It is proved that the input mode of the horizontal component of the same seismic record is different, and the influence on the structure is also different. Therefore, in seismic research and structural design, the time history analysis method is used to supplement the calculation. In seismic review, the directionality of the input of the ground motion should be considered. The greater the eccentricity of the irregular RC frame structure, the stronger the torsional effect and the more serious the overall failure of the structure. Furthermore, the relationship between the overall deformation and torsional effect of the L-shaped RC frame structure is found to be a cubic function. The column of the frame, the column at the corner of the frame and the nearby column are compared and analyzed, and the method of adjusting the distribution of the weak part and reducing the torsional effect of the structure is obtained. The torsional effect of the structure will increase by more than 30% and the damage of the most dangerous columns will increase by about 10% under rare earthquakes. The cross-sectional dimension of the damaged columns can make the damage distribution more uniform, which proves that this method can make the damage distribution of the whole structure more uniform, that is to say, can make the load-bearing parts of the whole structure more uniform, can avoid the occurrence of weak parts, and reduce the risk of local collapse of the structure.
【學位授予單位】：中國地震局工程力學研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU352.11;TU375.4

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