【摘要】：當(dāng)?shù)卣稹⒛嗍�、山洪等突發(fā)性自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生時(shí),強(qiáng)降雨對(duì)松散的物質(zhì)源產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的沖刷作用,導(dǎo)致水體濁度在極短時(shí)間內(nèi)大幅度升高,從而使飲用水源地受到嚴(yán)重污染,居民的飲用水安全受到嚴(yán)重威脅。高濁度水處理最有效的方法是化學(xué)混凝沉淀法,但傳統(tǒng)混凝沉淀技術(shù)無法滿足應(yīng)急水處理的要求。磁加載混凝技術(shù)具有處理能力大、效率高、出水水質(zhì)安全可靠等優(yōu)勢,在應(yīng)急飲用水處理領(lǐng)域擁有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文在對(duì)突發(fā)性自然災(zāi)害水源地水質(zhì)調(diào)研分析基礎(chǔ)上,擬通過磁加載混凝小試及中試試驗(yàn)研究,考察混凝劑、助凝劑及磁粉投加量等因素對(duì)濁度去除率的影響,并開發(fā)一套移動(dòng)式磁加載混凝應(yīng)急水處理設(shè)備,為磁加載混凝設(shè)備的工程化設(shè)計(jì)提供理論依據(jù)。具體研究成果如下:(1)對(duì)地震、洪澇、臺(tái)風(fēng)等典型突發(fā)性自然災(zāi)害情況下水源地水質(zhì)進(jìn)行調(diào)研分析。分析結(jié)果表明,自然災(zāi)害情況下的水流湍急、降水明顯,會(huì)將大量地面的顆粒污染物裹挾帶入水中,濁度急劇升高,可達(dá)200～500 NTU以上,是突發(fā)性自然災(zāi)害中最主要的污染指標(biāo)。(2)常規(guī)混凝沉淀和磁加載混凝沉淀對(duì)比小試試驗(yàn)研究�？疾炝嘶炷齽�、助凝劑以及磁粉投加量對(duì)濁度去除效率的影響,研究結(jié)果表明,磁加載混凝工藝對(duì)高濁度水處理效果最好,當(dāng)原水濁度在200 NTU以下時(shí),磁加載混凝反應(yīng)聚合氯化鋁(PAC)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和磁粉最佳投加量分別為10 mg/L、0.2 mg/L和75 mg/L,磁粉最佳粒徑為500目,濁度去除率大于97%,出水濁度小于3 NTU,PAC的投加量與常規(guī)混凝相比減少50%以上;當(dāng)原水濁度在200～500 NTU時(shí),磁粉最佳投加量提高到為150 mg/L。通過測定反應(yīng)體系的Zeta電位、觀察絮體結(jié)構(gòu)特征初步探究了磁粉影響混凝反應(yīng)的機(jī)理,磁粉可以通過降低混凝反應(yīng)體系中的Zeta電位促進(jìn)混凝反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,磁加載混凝形成的磁絮體結(jié)構(gòu)緊密,沉降速率是常規(guī)絮體的16倍。(3)設(shè)計(jì)5m3/h磁加載混凝沉淀中試裝置并進(jìn)行中試試驗(yàn)研究。研究結(jié)果表明,磁加載混凝在沉淀池表面負(fù)荷10 m3/(m2·h),原水濁度在0～100 NTU、100～200NTU、200～500NTU三種范圍時(shí),出水濁度均小于3 NTU,去除率分別達(dá)到95%、98%、99.4%,出水濁度達(dá)到《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB5749-2006)(水源受限制條件下濁度限值)。磁粉分離回收系統(tǒng)選擇磁力旋流分離技術(shù),當(dāng)控制電壓為36V、電源脈動(dòng)控制器的工作方式為開10s斷1 s時(shí)磁力旋流裝置分離回收磁粉效率最高,可達(dá)93%左右。(4)移動(dòng)式磁加載混凝應(yīng)急水處理系統(tǒng)方案的初步設(shè)計(jì)。在試驗(yàn)室小試及中試試驗(yàn)確定的磁加載混凝工藝參數(shù)基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合工程實(shí)際情況,完成了 360 m3/d移動(dòng)式磁加載混凝應(yīng)急水處理系統(tǒng)方案的初步設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)備具有體積小、重量輕的特點(diǎn),適用于高濁度原水的應(yīng)急飲用水處理。本研究為磁加載混凝應(yīng)急飲用水設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)及工程實(shí)踐提供了一定的參考和設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:When sudden natural disasters such as earthquakes, debris flows and flash floods occur, strong rainfall has a strong scouring effect on loose material sources, resulting in a large increase in water turbidity in a very short period of time, thus causing serious pollution to the drinking water sources. The safety of drinking water for the population is seriously threatened. Chemical coagulation precipitation is the most effective method for high turbidity water treatment, but the traditional coagulation sedimentation technology can not meet the requirements of emergency water treatment. Magnetic loading coagulation technology has the advantages of large treatment capacity, high efficiency, safe and reliable effluent quality, and has a broad application prospect in the field of emergency drinking water treatment. Based on the investigation and analysis of the water quality in the source area of sudden natural disasters, this paper intends to investigate the effect of coagulant, coagulant and magnetic powder on turbidity removal rate by magnetic loading coagulation test and pilot test. A set of mobile magnetic loading coagulation emergency water treatment equipment is developed to provide theoretical basis for the engineering design of magnetic loading coagulation equipment. The specific research results are as follows: (1) the water quality of water source under typical sudden natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons and so on, is investigated and analyzed. The results show that under natural disasters, the flow of water is swift and the precipitation is obvious, and a large number of surface particulate pollutants will be carried into the water, and the turbidity will rise sharply, reaching more than 200 ~ 500 NTU. It is the most important pollution index in sudden natural disasters. (2) A comparative experimental study of conventional coagulation precipitation and magnetic loading coagulation precipitation. The effects of coagulant, coagulant aid and magnetic powder on turbidity removal efficiency were investigated. The results showed that magnetic loading coagulation process had the best effect on the treatment of high turbidity water, when the turbidity of raw water was below 200 NTU. The optimum dosages of poly-aluminum chloride (PAC), polyacrylamide (PAM) and magnetic powder were 10 mg / L, 0.2 mg/L and 75 mg / L, respectively, and the optimum particle size of magnetic powder was 500 mesh. The turbidity removal rate is greater than 97 and the dosage of effluent turbidity is less than 3 NTU PAC by more than 50% compared with conventional coagulation, and when the turbidity of raw water is 200 ~ 500 NTU, the optimum dosage of magnetic powder is increased to 150 mg / L. By measuring the Zeta potential of the reaction system and observing the structural characteristics of the flocs, the mechanism of the effect of magnetic powder on the coagulation reaction was preliminarily explored. The magnetic powder could promote the coagulation reaction by reducing the Zeta potential in the coagulation reaction system. The structure of magnetic flocs formed by magnetic loading coagulation is close, and the settling rate is 16 times that of conventional flocs. (3) the pilot-scale test device of 5m3/h magnetically loaded coagulation and sedimentation is designed and studied in pilot-scale tests. The results show that when the surface load of the sedimentation tank is 10 m3 / (m ~ 2 h), the turbidity of the raw water is in the range of 0 ~ 100 NTU ~ (100) ~ (100) NTU ~ (200) NT ~ (200) ~ (500) NTU. The turbidity of the effluent was less than 3 NTU, and the removal rate was 95 ~ 98 ~ 99.4, respectively. The turbidity of the effluent reached GB5749-2006 (turbidity limit under the limited water source condition). The magnetic particle separation and recovery system selects the magnetic swirl separation technology. When the control voltage is 36V and the mode of the power pulsation controller is on 10s and 1s, the magnetic particle separation and recovery efficiency of the magnetic swirl device is the highest. It can reach about 93%. (4) preliminary design of mobile magnetic loading coagulation emergency water treatment system. On the basis of the technical parameters of magnetic loading coagulation determined in laboratory and pilot test, the preliminary design of 360m 3 / d mobile magnetic loading coagulation emergency water treatment system has been completed in combination with the actual engineering conditions. The equipment has a small size. Light weight features, suitable for high turbidity raw water emergency drinking water treatment. This study provides a reference and design basis for the design and engineering practice of magnetic loading coagulation emergency drinking water equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.2

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本文編號(hào)：2159192