【摘要】：裝載機(jī)被廣泛應(yīng)用于公路、鐵路、港口、水利、軍工等各項(xiàng)建設(shè)工程,是用途最廣泛的工程機(jī)械之一。目前,我國一般中大型裝載機(jī)普遍采用液力機(jī)械傳動(dòng),該傳動(dòng)方式存在效率與動(dòng)力之間不協(xié)調(diào)的傳動(dòng)特性,低速大扭矩時(shí)效率低。隨著液壓元件精度的不斷提高、液壓系統(tǒng)的功能不斷強(qiáng)大、效率和性能的不斷提升,液壓傳動(dòng)的應(yīng)用范圍也在不斷地?cái)U(kuò)大,原來只能用機(jī)械或者液力機(jī)械傳動(dòng)的機(jī)械如推土機(jī)、平地機(jī)、裝載機(jī),現(xiàn)在也可以用液壓系統(tǒng)作為行駛驅(qū)動(dòng)的傳動(dòng)形式,可以解決這類機(jī)械作業(yè)過程中載荷頻繁大范圍變化而引起的液壓沖擊、效率低、爆管等現(xiàn)象。研究大中型裝載機(jī)采用液壓傳動(dòng)行駛驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng),充分利用液壓傳動(dòng)的優(yōu)勢(shì),將具有廣泛的工程實(shí)際意義。本文在對(duì)裝載機(jī)作業(yè)特性分析的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了裝載機(jī)采用液力傳動(dòng)存在的問題,提出了裝載機(jī)采用液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的方案及控制策略,根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與液壓系統(tǒng)的匹配原則、動(dòng)力學(xué)和運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析結(jié)果、液壓系統(tǒng)壓力設(shè)定原則,對(duì)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、液壓泵、液壓馬達(dá)等主要元件進(jìn)行了選擇匹配。最后,應(yīng)用AMESIM仿真平臺(tái),建立了兩檔裝載機(jī)行走液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)模型和無級(jí)裝載機(jī)行走液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)模型,從起步、對(duì)階躍負(fù)載的響應(yīng)和對(duì)正弦波動(dòng)載荷的響應(yīng)三個(gè)方面,進(jìn)行仿真分析對(duì)比。得出了系統(tǒng)的壓力平穩(wěn)性和柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)耗油量方面,無級(jí)系統(tǒng)優(yōu)于兩擋系統(tǒng)的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Loaders are widely used in various construction projects such as highway, railway, port, water conservancy and military industry. It is one of the most widely used engineering machines. At present, hydraulic mechanical transmission is widely used in the general medium and large loaders in our country. The transmission mode has the characteristics of uncoordinated transmission between efficiency and power, low speed and large torque. The function of the hydraulic system is constantly improving, the function of the hydraulic system is constantly strong, the efficiency and the performance are continuously improved. The application range of the hydraulic transmission is constantly expanding. The machine that can only be driven by mechanical or hydraulic machinery, such as bulldozer, leveler, loader, can also use the hydraulic system as driving drive form. In this kind of mechanical operation, the hydraulic impact, low efficiency and tube explosion caused by the frequent and large variation of load in this kind of mechanical operation are solved. It is of great practical significance to study the hydraulic drive driving system for large and medium loaders, and make full use of the advantages of hydraulic transmission. This paper is based on the analysis of the loader's operating characteristics. The problems existing in the hydraulic drive of the loader are analyzed. The scheme and control strategy of the hydraulic drive system of the loader are put forward, according to the matching principle of the engine and the hydraulic system, the dynamic and kinematic analysis results, the principle of the pressure setting of the hydraulic system, and the selection of the main components of the diesel engine, the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor. Finally, using the AMESIM simulation platform, the model of the hydraulic driving system of the two gear loader and the model of the walking hydraulic drive system of the stepless loader are set up. From the starting point, the response to the step load and the response to the sinusoidal wave load, the simulation analysis is carried out. The pressure stability of the system and the diesel engine are obtained. In terms of fuel consumption, the stepless system is better than the two block system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH243;TH137

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