【摘要】：自工業(yè)革命開始,人類的發(fā)展繁榮得益于化石能源的使用,同時也伴隨著能源危機(jī)與環(huán)境問題的突出。工業(yè)化的后果迫使人們改變能源結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)展新能源。同時,在城鎮(zhèn)快速化發(fā)展的中國,需要可替代能源,改善小區(qū)傳統(tǒng)照明現(xiàn)狀。光伏發(fā)電,尤其是獨(dú)立光伏照明,正是改善這些問題的有效途徑之一。然而,由于技術(shù)等原因,應(yīng)用成本還較高。因此如何提高光伏電池的轉(zhuǎn)換效率進(jìn)行有效MPPT跟蹤、提高蓄電池有效充放電管理水平成為論文需要研究的問題。論文主要以光伏電池最大功率跟蹤(MPPT)技術(shù)和蓄電池充電策略為研究核心,通過Simulink仿真驗(yàn)證分析,完成了光伏電池MPPT跟蹤策略設(shè)計(jì)和蓄電池充電策略設(shè)計(jì);搭建軟硬件平臺,設(shè)計(jì)切實(shí)可行的路燈控制系統(tǒng),驗(yàn)證理論研究控制策略實(shí)際運(yùn)行效果,提高了系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行效率。首先研究了光伏電池MPPT跟蹤控制技術(shù):闡述了光伏電池基本原理、工作特性,分析其等效電路建立數(shù)學(xué)模型,搭建光伏電池Simulink模型,研究光伏電池輸出特性與環(huán)境溫度、光照強(qiáng)度、負(fù)載間關(guān)系。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對光伏電池MPPT方法進(jìn)行討論研究并仿真驗(yàn)證分析,最終提出改進(jìn)型變步長INC法MPPT。其次對蓄電池充電策略進(jìn)行研究:闡述蓄電池的原理、特性及主要參數(shù),根據(jù)其等效電路推導(dǎo)蓄電池等效數(shù)學(xué)模型;然后進(jìn)行Simulink仿真研究蓄電池充放電特性;對常見蓄電池充放電方法、蓄電池充電技術(shù)進(jìn)行闡述并分析比較,給出各個方法和技術(shù)間的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn);根據(jù)馬斯充電可接受電流曲線及快速充電3定律,研究蓄電池的快速充電及極化問題,給出改進(jìn)型蓄電池充放電策略,通過Simulink仿真分析驗(yàn)證可行性并將蓄電池、光伏電池、boost電路等部分進(jìn)行聯(lián)調(diào),觀察蓄電池在MPPT充電階段及其他充電階段時充電電壓、電流及端電壓變化曲線(光伏電池MPPT充電是蓄電池充電的一種方式)。再者進(jìn)行總體方案設(shè)計(jì),搭建路燈控制系統(tǒng)軟硬件平臺。硬件包含AVR控制系統(tǒng)、DC-DC變換器、蓄電池充放電保護(hù)電路、采集電路及相關(guān)輔助電路設(shè)計(jì);軟件包含:程序構(gòu)成框架、上下位機(jī)功能控制流程、蓄電池充放電管理流程、相關(guān)保護(hù)程序,為路燈控制系統(tǒng)提供較為穩(wěn)定的軟硬件平臺。最后進(jìn)行軟硬件調(diào)試,在搭建的路燈控制系統(tǒng)上,驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)硬件和軟件功能可實(shí)現(xiàn)性、完善性及提出的改進(jìn)型增量電導(dǎo)法MPPT跟蹤控制策略、改進(jìn)型蓄電池充放電控制策略的實(shí)際運(yùn)行效果。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, human development and prosperity have benefited from the use of fossil energy, along with the energy crisis and environmental problems. The consequences of industrialization force people to change their energy structure and develop new sources of energy. At the same time, the rapid development of cities and towns in China, the need for alternative energy, improve the status of traditional lighting residential areas. Photovoltaic power generation, especially independent photovoltaic lighting, is one of the effective ways to improve these problems. However, due to technology and other reasons, the cost of application is still high. Therefore, how to improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells to carry out effective MPPT tracking and improve the effective charge and discharge management level of batteries has become a problem to be studied in this paper. In this paper, the MPPT (maximum Power tracking) technology and battery charging strategy are the core of the research. Through Simulink simulation and analysis, the MPPT tracking strategy design and battery charging strategy design are completed, and the hardware and software platform is built. The practical streetlight control system is designed to verify the theoretical study of the actual operation effect of the control strategy and improve the operational efficiency of the system. Firstly, the MPPT tracking control technology of photovoltaic cell is studied. The basic principle and working characteristics of photovoltaic cell are described. The mathematical model of the equivalent circuit is analyzed, the Simulink model of photovoltaic cell is built, and the output characteristics and ambient temperature of photovoltaic cell are studied. Light intensity, load relationship. On this basis, the MPPT method of photovoltaic cells is discussed and verified by simulation. Finally, an improved variable step size (ICA) method for MPPTs is proposed. Secondly, the charging strategy of the battery is studied: the principle, characteristics and main parameters of the battery are expounded, the equivalent mathematical model of the battery is deduced according to its equivalent circuit, and then the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery are simulated by Simulink. The common charging and discharging methods of storage battery, battery charging technology are described and compared, the advantages and disadvantages of each method and technology are given, according to the acceptable current curve of Mas charging and the three laws of fast charging, This paper studies the rapid charging and polarization of the battery, gives the charge and discharge strategy of the improved battery, verifies the feasibility by Simulink simulation analysis, and adjusts the battery, photovoltaic cell boost circuit and other parts. The change curves of voltage, current and terminal voltage during MPPT charging and other charging stages were observed. (MPPT charging of photovoltaic cells is a way of battery charging). Furthermore, the overall scheme is designed to build the hardware and software platform of the streetlight control system. The hardware includes AVR control system DC-DC converter, battery charge and discharge protection circuit, acquisition circuit and related auxiliary circuit design, software includes: program structure framework, upper and lower computer function control flow, battery charge and discharge management flow, The relative protection program provides a relatively stable hardware and software platform for the streetlight control system. Finally, the hardware and software are debugged, and the hardware and software functions of the system are verified on the street lamp control system, and the improved incremental conductance method MPPT tracking control strategy is proposed. The actual operation effect of the improved battery charge and discharge control strategy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU113.666;TP273

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